Chapter 19

Question 1

What are the major functions of the heart?

Answer 1

Pumping blood

Question 2

What is the difference between pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Answer 2

Pulmonary carries blood to the lungs and returns it to the heart
Systemic supplies, blood to the rest of the body

Question 3

What are the structures of the heart wall?

Answer 3

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 4

Name the innermost structure of the heart wall to the outermost

Answer 4

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 5

What is the tissue that surrounds the heart?

Answer 5

Pericardium

Question 6

Does the heart touch the pericardial fluid?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What part of the pericardium touches the heart and what part touches the outside tissue

Answer 7

The visceral pericardium touches the heart
The parietal pericardium touched the body

Question 8

What is the anatomical structure of the heart?

Answer 8

Four chambers to hire to lower

Question 9

Where are the left and right atria
What do the atriums do?

Answer 9

They are the two superior chambers
They received blood from the body/ lungs and push blood into the ventricles

Question 10

There are the left and right ventricles
What do they do?

Answer 10

They are both the bottom chambers of the heart
They push blood into the body or lungs

Question 11

What is the left and right atrioventricular valve?
What does it do?

Answer 11

The two valves that let the atrium to pour blood into the ventricles
It allows blood to flow from the atria to the ventricle

Question 12

What is the aortic semilunar valve?
What does it do?

Answer 12

Is the valve that allows blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta?
It allows blood to pass through the aorta into the body

Question 13

What is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
What does it do?

Answer 13

The valve that allows blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
It allows blood to pass from the right ventricle into the arteries for the lungs

Question 14

Where is the superior and inferior vena cava?
What does it do?

Answer 14

On the right side of the heart
It allows unoxygenated blood to enter the heart

Question 15

Where is the pulmonary trunk?
What does it do?

Answer 15

On the left side of the heart
Allows for an oxygenated blood to enter the lungs

Question 16

Where is the aorta?
What does it do?

Answer 16

The middle of the heart
It allows for oxygenated blood to flow to get to the body

Question 17

Where are the pulmonary arteries and veins?
What do they do?

Answer 17

The arteries pump and oxygenated blood into the lungs
The vans pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 18

Where is the chordae tendineae
What does it do?

Question 19

Where is the trabeculae carneae
What does it do?

Answer 19

It is in the ventricles
They help open the valves to let blood into the ventricle

Question 20

Where is the right and left coronary arteries?
What did they do?

Question 21

Where are the coronary sinus?
What does it do?

Answer 21

It is on the posterior side of the heart
allows blood flow around the outside of the heart

Question 22

Where is the Ligamentum arteriosum
What does it do?

Question 23

Where is the introventrucler septum
What does it do?

Answer 23

Thick muscle wall that separates the two sides of the heart

Question 24

What is the interatrail septum?

Answer 24

a small wall, podding the left and right atria

Question 25

Where can you find auricles? What did they do?

Answer 25

in the left and right atrium They receive blood from the body and lungs

Question 26

Where is the fossa ovalis? What does it do?

Answer 26

Oval indent on internal septum

Question 27

Where are the pulmonary muscles? What do they do?

Answer 27

They are on the floor of the ventricles And prevent the valve from turning inside out

Question 28

How does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 28

Body Right atrium Right atrioventricular valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary trunk/arteries To the lungs In through the pulmonary veins Left atrium Left atrioventricular valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Back into the body

Question 29

What structures can carry oxygen rich blood?

Answer 29

Left side of the heart and veins

Question 30

What structures carry poor oxygenated blood

Answer 30

Right side of the heart and arteries

Question 31

What does an indicated disc do?

Answer 31

Directs the electrical path of a muscle contraction

Question 32

What does a desmosome do?

Answer 32

Allows stretching of the muscles without breakage Holds the cell together

Question 33

What do gap junctions do?

Answer 33

Allow ions to move through so the whole cell can contract at one time

Question 34

Why do the atria contract before the ventricles?

Answer 34

So the atria can fill up with the proper amount of blood to push into the ventricle

Question 35

What is the purpose of the atrioventricular node? Where is it?

Answer 35

To pause the ventricle from pumping so the aorta can pump first It is lower on the right atrium

Question 36

What is the purpose of the sinotrail node? Where is it?

Answer 36

To control the pace of the heartbeat The top right atrium

Question 37

What is the purpose of the atrioventricular bundle?

Answer 37

Transmit electrical impulses from atria to ventricles

Question 38

What is the purpose of the left and right bundle branches?

Answer 38

To send electrical signals to the left and right ventricles

Question 39

What is the purpose of the sub endocardial conducting network?

Answer 39

Help synchronize the ventricular contractions

Question 40

How is the heart’s basic rhythm coordinated and controlled?

Answer 40

The cardiac conduction system generates transmits electrical signals, allowing the heart to beat and pump blood efficiently through the body

Question 41

What does it mean to be auto rhythmic?

Answer 41

The ability to generate its own rhythm or beat without external stimulation

Question 42

How does auto rhythmic happen in cardiac noodle cells?

Answer 42

Due to atrioventricular notes and sinotrail nodes firing on their own

Question 43

How do action potentials differ between skeletal muscles, cardiac contractile cells, and cardiac nodle cells

Answer 43

skeletal muscles are short and initiated by neurons Cardiac contractile sales have longer action potentials due to calcium influx Cardiac noodle cells have spontaneous action potential due to slow depolarization and pacemaker activity

Question 44

What is the role of calcium in cardiac muscle action potentials

Answer 44

Initiating the electrical signal for the heart to contract

Question 45

Where is the most calcium stored?

Question 46

What does an ECG/ EKG measure

Answer 46

Electricity the heart is making

Question 47

What is a P wave?

Answer 47

Atria depolarization

Question 48

What is a QRS complex?

Answer 48

Depolarization of the ventricles

Question 49

What is a T wave?

Answer 49

Re-polarization of the ventricles

Question 50

What is fibrillation?

Answer 50

Random contractions, where blood is not moving

Question 51

What does a defibrillator do?

Answer 51

Shocks the entire heart to depolarize and stop fibrillation in hope that the rhythm becomes constant again

Question 52

What would an electrocardiogram of a damaged AV node look like why

Answer 52

Missing QRS complexes and slower, ventricle rate

Question 53

What are the causes of the lib and dub heart sounds

Answer 53

The opening and closing of valves