Chapter 18 Flashcards
Restrictive Lung Disease
Pulmonary Fibrosis Pneumonitis Lung tumors Thoracic deformities (scoliosis) Myasthenia gravis
What is Chronic Bronchitis
Constant inflammation of the lower airways, characterized by excessive secretions of mucus, hypertrophy or mucous glands and recurring infections, which progresses to narrowing or obstruction of airway
What is Asthma
Involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
What is Emphysema
Abnormal, irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil properties of lungs, characterized by air trapped in the alveoli resulting in inadequate gas exchange
How are asthma and COPD different
symptoms do not resolve with COPD
alveoli are damaged with COPD
mucus with COPD
What are drug therapies for obstructive airway diseases
Bronchodilators Anticholingergics Anti-inflammatory drugs Leukotriene Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitors Mucolytics
How do bronchodilators work
They dilate the bronchioles, activate beta 2 receptors in the lungs, helps get the air out, relax smooth muscle,
what are the two beta 2 antagonist Bronchodilators
SABA and LABA
What is the suffix of Methylxanthine
lline
What is significant about the Methylxanthines
They are the only bronchodilators that you take orally or by IV
What are some side effects of Methylxanthine
nervousness, insomnia, sweaty, palpitations, increased blood sugar, CNS overstimulation
What are the adverse effects of Mthylxanthine
Dysrhythmias, hypotension, can cause seizures, GI bleeding, could lead to death if therapeutic range is exceeded
What is the therapeutic range of Methlxanthine
10-20mcg
If the patient begins to have tremors or restlessness with Methylxathine, what should you do
Slow down the infusion and call provider
When do you hold a rescue inhaler
Heart rate of 120
Name the three SABA’s
Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline
What is the suffix for SABAs
bute, buta
What is the suffix for the the LABA’s
Salmeterol
Arformoterol
What do LABA’s have to be taken with
Glucocorteriods, because bronchodilators only relax smooth muscle they do not affect inflammation
What is the Anticolenergenic (Bronchodialator)
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Ipratroopium Bromide
Do not give Spiriva to what kind of patients
Urinary retention, Glaucoma, and Elderly
Spiriva is good for what type of patient
Heart patients because they don’t cause dysrythmias
Side affects of Spiriva
insomnia, headache, GI, depression, urinary retention, hyperglycemia, blurred vision, oral ulcerations
Adverse effects of Spiriva
Perodoxical bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis, hyperglycemia, angiodema
