Chapter 18

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Periphery or outer region

Question 3

Afferent Division

Answer 3

Incoming sensory or afferent pathways (carry toward)

Question 4

Efferent Division

Answer 4

Outgoing motor or efferent pathways (carry away)

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 5

Somatic effectors, which are the skeletal muscles

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 6

Carry information to the autonomic, or visceral, effectors (smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands, adipose tissue, and other involuntary tissue)

Divided into sympathetic division & parasympathetic division

Question 7

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Answer 7

Second brain in the wall of the gut

Question 8

Astrocytes

Answer 8

Star shaped

Create blood brain barrier (BBB)

Question 9

Microglia

Answer 9

Destroy micrograms and cellular debris in the brain

Question 10

Ependymal Cells

Answer 10

Forming thin sheet that line fluid filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord (cerebral spinal fluid)

Question 11

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

Produce the fatty myelin sheath

Permits rapid conduction of nerve impulses

Question 12

Schwann Cells

Answer 12

Supporting nerve fibers

Forming myelin sheath around them

Question 13

Node of Ranvier

Answer 13

Simply myelin sheath gaps

Question 14

Myelinated Fibers

Answer 14

White fibers

Question 15

Unmyelinated Fibers

Answer 15

Gray fibers

Question 16

Cell Body

Answer 16

Two process: one axon & one/more dendrites

Contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles (Ex. mitochondria and Golgi apparatus)

Question 17

Dendrites

Answer 17

Receive information

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

Carry out information

Question 19

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 19

One axon and several dendrites

Question 20

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 20

One axon & one highly branched dendrite

Question 21

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 21

A.k.a. pseudounipolar neurons

Single process extending from the cell body

Question 22

Afferent Neurons

Answer 22

A.k.a sensory neutrons

Carry impulses towards brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Efferent Neurons

Answer 23

A.k.a motor neurons

Carry impulses away from brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Interneurons

Answer 24

Conduct impulses from afferent neurons to or towards efferent neurons

In between the two

Question 25

Synapse

Answer 25

Nerve information is transmitted from one neuron to another

Question 26

Nerves

Answer 26

Bundles of peripheral nerve fibers

Question 27

Endoneurium

Answer 27

Schwann cell of each nerve fiber is a delicate layer of ridicule fibrous connective tissues

Question 28

Fascicles

Answer 28

Bundles of nerve fibers

Question 29

Perineurium

Answer 29

Fascicle is bound together as a bundle by connective tissue layer

Question 30

Epineurium

Answer 30

Numerous fascicles, along with blood vessels that supply them, are held together to form a complete nerve by a fibrous coat

Question 31

Tracts

Answer 31

Bundles of nerve fibers within CNS Individual nerve fibers that originate in PNS

Question 32

Repair of Nerve Fibers

Answer 32

Limited capacity to repair themselves Repaired if damage is not extensive, when the cell body and neurilemma (Schwann cells) remain intact, and when scarring has not occur In the CNS, similar repair of damaged nerve fibers is very unlikely