Chapter 18 Endocrine System

Question 1

CF

aden/o
gland

Answer 1

adenitis-inflammation of a gland

Question 2

CF

adrenal/o
adrenal gland

Answer 2

adrenalectomy- surgical removal of the adrenal gland (s)

Question 3

CF

gonad/o
sex glands (ovaries and testes)

Answer 3

ginadotropin-any of a group of hormones like FSH or LH secreted by the activity of the gonads

hypogonadism-deficiency of gonadotropins can produce hypogonadism

Question 4

CF

pancreat/o
pancreas

Answer 4

pancreatectomy-surgical removal of

Question 5

CF

parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland

Answer 5

parathyroidectomy-surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands ( treatment for hyperthyroidism)

Question 6

CF

pituitar/o
pituitary gland; hypophysis

Answer 6

hypopituitarism-condition of pituitary dwarfism due to the diminished hormone secretion causing dwarfism in children and adults

Question 7

CF

thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland

Answer 7

thyrotropic hormone-a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the PG

thyroiditis-inflammation may result f/a bacterial or viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction.

Question 8

CF

andr/o
male

Answer 8

androgen-are produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex in males and females

Question 9

CF

calc/o, calci/o
calcium

Answer 9

hypercalcemia-a blood condition of excessive calcium

hypocalcemia-a blood condition of too little calcium

hypercalciuria-excessive calcium in the urine

Question 10

CF

cortic/o
cortex, outer region

Answer 10

corticosteroid-any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoid & Mineralocorticoid. They have various metabolic functions, some are used for inflammation.

Question 11

CF

crin/o
secrete

Answer 11

endocrinologist-specialist who treats and studies the endocrine system

Question 12

CF

dips/o
thirst

Answer 12

polydipsia-poly=many or increased. Uncontrolled diabetes (mellitus or insipidus) causes increased thirst

Question 13

CF

estr/o
female

Answer 13

estrogenic-pertaining to the female sex hormone

Question 14

CF

gluc/o
sugar

Answer 14

glucagon-(argon=assemble or gather together) Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating its release from glycogen into the bloodstream.

Question 15

CF

glyc/o
sugar

Answer 15

hyperglycemia-a blood condition of excessive sugar

glycemic- pertaining to a patient with diabetes mellitus requires glycemic control

glycogen-is animal starch that can be converted to glucose by the liver. Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis

Question 16

CF

home/o
sameness, balance

Answer 16

homeostasis-condition of controlling, sameness & balance

Question 17

CF

kal/i
potassium

Answer 17

hypokalemia-a blood condition of low potassium, can occur in dehydration and with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. The heart is particularly sensitive to potassium loss

Question 18

CF

lact/o
milk

Answer 18

prolactin-substance of milk produced in the pituitary gland

Question 19

CF

myx/o
mucus

Answer 19

myxedema-advanced hypothyroidism in adults. Atrophy of the thyroid gland and practically no hormone is produced. The skin becomes dry with edema due to the “mucus-like” material under the skin.

Question 20

CF

Natr/o
sodium

Answer 20

hyponatremia-a blood condition of low sodium

Question 21

CF

phys/o
growing

Answer 21

hypophysectomy-a surgical removal of of the hydrophysis (pituitary gland)

Question 22

CF

somat/o
body

Answer 22

somatotropin-growth hormone

Question 23

CF

ster/o
solid structure

Answer 23

steroid-complex, solid, ring shaped molecule resembles a sterol (such as cholesterol) many hormones (androgens, estrogens, glucorticoids; and mineralocorticoids) are steroids

Question 24

toc/o

childbirth

Answer 24

oxytocin-oxy=rapid, sharp or acute. A hormone that can strengthen labor contractions

Question 25

CF toxic/o poisons

Answer 25

thyrotoxicosis- abnormal condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity and oversecretion of thyroid hormone. Signs and symptoms are sweating, weight loss, tachycardia, and nervousness

Question 26

CF ur/o urine

Answer 26

antidiuretic hormone-posterior pituitary hormone that effects the kidneys and reduces water loss

Question 27

Suffix -agon assemble, gather together

Answer 27

glucagon-hormone that treats low blood sugar

Question 28

Suffix -emia a blood condition

Answer 28

hypoglycemia-a blood condition of low blood sugar

Question 29

Suffix -in, -ine substance

Answer 29

epinephrine-adrenaline, a hormone transmitter

Question 30

Suffix -tropin stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

Answer 30

adrenocorticotropin-a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. Also used as a medication and a diagnostic agent

Question 31

Suffix -uria urine condition

Answer 31

glycosuria-sugar in the urine, sign of diabetes mellitus

Question 32

Prefix eu- good, normal

Answer 32

euthyroid-normally functioning thyroid gland

Question 33

Prefix hyper- excessive, above

Answer 33

hyperkalemia-a blood condition of excessive potassium in the blood

Question 34

Prefix hypo- deficient; below; under; less than normal

Answer 34

hypoinsulinism-deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas

Question 35

Prefix oxy- rapid, sharp, acid

Answer 35

oxytocin-a hormone that can strengthen labor contractions

Question 36

Prefix -pan all

Answer 36

panhypopituitarism-a condition of inadequate or absent hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland