Chapter 18 - Key Vocabs

Question 1

Adrenal cortex

Answer 1

1. Outer section of each adrenal gland

2. Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

Question 2

Adrenal medulla

Answer 2

1. Inner section of each adrenal gland

2. Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 3

Ovaries

Answer 3

1. Located in the lower abdomen of female

2. Responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

1. Located behind the stomach

2. Contains exocrine function. Secretes an enzyme to aid in digestion

Question 5

Parathyroid glands

Answer 5

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

Question 6

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Answer 6

1. Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica

2. Often called “master gland” because it controls all hormones

Question 7

Testes

Answer 7

1. Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male

2. Responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Question 8

Thyroid gland

Answer 8

1. Located in the neck on either side of the trachea

2. Secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 9

Adrenaline

Answer 9

1. Secreted by the adrenal medulla

2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 10

Adrenocortico-tropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 10

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

2. Stimulates adrenal cortex and increases the secretion of steroid hormones, mainly cortisol.

Question 11

Aldosterone

Answer 11

1. Secreted by the adrenal cortex

2. Increases salt reabsorption and excretes potassium

Question 12

Androgen

Answer 12

Male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 13

1. Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

2. Increases reabsorption of water by kidney and increases blood pressure

Question 14

Calcitonin

Answer 14

1. Secreted by the thyroid gland

2. Decreases blood calcium levels

Question 15

Cortisol

Answer 15

1. Secreted by the adrenal cortex

2. Increases blood sugar

Question 16

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 16

1. Secreted by the adrenal medulla

2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 17

Estradiol

Answer 17

Estrogen secreted by the ovaries

Question 18

Estrogen

Answer 18

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex

Question 19

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 19

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

2. Stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries, and sperm production by testes

Question 20

Glucagons

Answer 20

1. Secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas

2. Increases blood sugar

Question 21

Growth Hormone (GH); somatotropin

Answer 21

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

2. Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

1. Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas

2. Helps glucose pass into cells and promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 23

Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 23

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary lobe

2. Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Question 24

Norepinephrine

Answer 24

1. Secreted by the adrenal medulla

2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 25

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 25

1. Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland | 2. Stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth

Question 26

Parathormone (PTH)

Answer 26

1. Secreted by parathyroid glands | 2. Increases blood calcium

Question 27

Progesterone

Answer 27

1. Secreted by the ovaries | 2. Prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Question 28

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 28

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | 2. Promotes milk secretion

Question 29

Somatrotropin (STH)

Answer 29

1. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | 2. Growth hormone

Question 30

Testosterone

Answer 30

Male hormone secreted by the testes