Chapter 19

Question 1

Viruses & viroids

Answer 1

Not living

Nuclei acid genomes

Question 2

Viruses are made of

Answer 2

Protin shelf & nuclei acid genome (dna/rna)

Question 3

1st virus discovered

Answer 3

Tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)

Question 4

Different host range

Answer 4

Different virus can affect different types of cell

Question 5

Different structural

Answer 5

Helps infect the host

Question 6

Capsid

Answer 6

Protein coat

Question 7

Viral envelope

Answer 7

Part of hosts cell added to virus as a protective layer

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

Can have dna/rna,

Question 9

Attachment

Answer 9

Usually specific virus can attack to specific cell

Question 10

Entry

Answer 10

Virus DNA gets injected/ The virus fuses with host membrane the entire virus enters

Question 11

Integration

Answer 11

Cuts host chromosomal DNA & inserts viral genome

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

Stays dormant & May activate later

Question 13

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 13

RNA to DNA

Question 14

Provirus

Answer 14

The dormant virus DNA within HOST’S DNA

Question 15

Sun thesis of viral components

Answer 15

Host cell’s enzymes copy’s makes multiple protein & nucleacic acid of virus particle

Question 16

Viral assembly

Answer 16

Some viruses self- assembles after viral components are produced.

Question 17

Release

Answer 17

Virus lives host cell, bacterial cell wall- bacteria burst, enveloped viruses bud from the host cell.

Question 18

Lysogeny

Answer 18

Latency in bacteriophages

Question 19

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 19

Integration, replication, & excision

Question 20

Lyric cycle

Answer 20

Attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly,& release

Question 21

Temperate

Answer 21

Pages have a lysogenic cycle, environmental condition, influence integration & length of latency

Question 22

Virulent

Answer 22

Keeps multiplying uncontrollably

Question 23

Origin of virus

Answer 23

Many Argues cell evolved before virus., others argue viruses evolved in parallel with cellular org.

Question 24

Virioas

Answer 24

Only random RNA molecule

Question 25

Prions

Answer 25

Composed entirely of protein that changes shape of other proteins

Question 26

Bacteria genetic

Answer 26

1 chromosomes found in nucleoid region tightly packed.

Question 27

Bacterial DNA

Answer 27

2 strands, chromosome usually circular

Question 28

Bacterial chromosomal

Answer 28

Circular shaped, not wrapped around histone, nucleoside protein forms 100p domains & DNA super coiling (twist)forms.

Question 29

Plasmids

Answer 29

Small circular pieces of DNAs exist independently of the bacterial chromosome

Question 30

5 types of plasmids

Answer 30

Resistance plasmids (r factors)- helps resist antibiotic Degradative plasmids- helps digest & use unusual substance Col-plasmids- protons that kills other bacteria Virulence plasmids- turns bacterium into a pathogenic strain Fertility plasmids- (f factors) - allows bacteria to ”mate" or exchange genetic material

Question 31

Bateria reproduces by binary fission

Answer 31

Each daughter cell contains identical copy of genetic material, no contribution from parent, cell just divides into 2

Question 32

Strains

Answer 32

Genetically different forms of same bacteria

Question 33

2 sources of different strains

Answer 33

Mutations can occur that alter the bacterial genome & affect the traits of bacterial cell, Genetic transfer

Question 34

Genetic transfer

Answer 34

Conjugation-direct physical interaction Transfers genetic material from toner to recipients cell Transformation- DNA released from a dead bacterium into the environment is taken up by another bacteria Transduction- A virus Transfers genetic information from 1 bacteria to another.

Question 35

What does donor strains needs to transfer in the recipient

Answer 35

Needs fertility factor