Chapter 19

Question 1

What are platelets?

Answer 1

Reserved for emergencies (stops leaking blood)

Question 2

For platelets what are thrombocytopenia penia?

Answer 2

Abnormally low platelet count (bleed out)

Question 3

Thrombocytosis platelets

Answer 3

Abnormally high platelet count (blood clots)

Question 4

What is Hemostasis?

Answer 4

• Starts in Vascular phase ( A cut triggers vascular spasm )
• then platelet phase
• cogulation phase ( last stage )

Question 5

3 steps of vascular phase

Answer 5

• Endothelial cells contract -> expose basal lamina to bloodstem
• Endothelial cells realse -> Stimulate smooth muscle contraction and cell division
• Endotehlial cell membrane became “sticky” seal off blood flow

Question 6

Platelet Aggregation (Stick together)

Answer 6

Forms platelet plugs (closes small breaks)

Question 7

Fibrinolysis

Answer 7

Dissolve clots
–> Plasminogen produce plasmin

Question 8

Red blood cells

Answer 8

• Make up 99.9% if blood formed elements (red, white, platelets)
• Carry oxygen

Question 9

How much does Male RBC?

Answer 9

4.5-6.3 million

Question 10

how much does Female RBC?

Answer 10

4-5.5 million

Question 11

How long does RBC live?

Answer 11

4 months/120 days

Question 12

What is the lack Nuclei, Mitochondria., and Ribisome?

Answer 12

Red Blood Cells

Question 13

Average White Bloods for Male and Female?

Answer 13

8,000 blood cells

Question 14

What is Hemoglobin?

Answer 14

Protein molecule, transport oxygen and carbon dixode

Question 16

What is Anemia?

Answer 16

• Hematocrit or hemoglobin levels are Low Bloods and Hemoglobin
• Below normal caused by Iron deficiency, sickle cell, pernicious

Question 17

What are Erthopoiesis?

Answer 17

• Stimulating hormone (erythopuietin) (EPO)
• only in red blood cells
• due to disease or high
• only if red bone marrow (myeloidtissue)

Question 18

What is specialized fluid of connective tissue?

Answer 18

Blood

Question 19

What are formed elements?

Answer 19

1. Red blood cells ( Erythrocytes)
   transport oxygen and carbondixode
2. White blood cells (leukocytes) (kill bad guy in body)

2) platelets (thrombocytes ) blood clotting

Question 20

What are red blood cells made from?

Answer 20

hemoglobin

Question 21

What is plasma?

Answer 21

Water, dissolved plasma protein, other solutes

Question 22

What is Hemopoiesis?

Answer 22

• Make formed elements
• make red, white, platelets
  By Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells

Question 23

What is the ph of blood?

Answer 23

7.35-7.45

Question 24

Plasma makes up 50-60% of blood volume

Answer 24

More than 90% of plasma is water

Question 25

What are the 3 classes of plasma protein?

Answer 25

Albumins (60%) - transport molecules of thyroid, steroid, fatty acid Globulins (35%) (antibodies) - Molecules our body make to protect us from bacteria and viruses. Fibrinogen (4%) - works with platelets / Selle up wounds (strands of fibrin)

Question 26

What is the plasma protein also known as immunoglobulins?

Answer 26

Globulins/Antibodies

Question 27

What is the plasma protein that strands of fibrin?

Answer 27

Fibrinogen

Question 28

What does agglutinogens mean?

Answer 28

Antigens

Question 29

blood agglutination:

Answer 29

type O - universal donor type AB - universal receivers

Question 30

White Blood Cells (WBC) (Leukocytes)

Answer 30

- attach abnormal cells - lymphatic system organ - connective tissue - do not have hemoglobin - have nuclei and other organelles - remove toxins and waste

Question 31

5 types of WBC

Answer 31

1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils - levate allergic 4. Monocytes 5. Lymphocytes - sick, virus, bacteria ( 3 classes - t cells, b cells, Natural killer cells )

Question 32

White Blood Disorders

Answer 32

Leukopenia - abnormally low white blood cell count Leukocytosis - Abnormally high WBC count ( above 10,000 ) Leukemia - Extremely high WBC count ( 100, 000 )

Question 33

what does it mean if Lymphocytes and neutrophils levated?

Answer 33

Means bacteria infection

Question 34

Viral infection

Answer 34

Lymphocytes, Levated, neutrophils normal

Question 35

Antigens

Answer 35

Cellular label of our body - tells body what cell it is - all our body cells have it

Question 36

Antibodies

Answer 36

kill viruses and bacteria

Question 37

Type A blood

Answer 37

Carries B antibodies -> type A antigens

Question 38

Type B blood

Answer 38

Carries A antibodies -> type B antigens

Question 39

Type AB blood

Answer 39

Does not carry A or B antibodies - "Universal Recipient" - A or B Antigens

Question 40

Type O

Answer 40

Carries both A and B antibodies "universal donor" = does not have A or B antigens

Question 41

Type O blood can not

Answer 41

receive blood from any

Question 42

Type AB can receive blood

Answer 42

from type A and B blood