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Intro to Rad > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

general priorities

A
  1. ensure an open airway
  2. control bleeding
  3. prevent shock
  4. attend wounds/fractures
  5. provide emotional support
  6. continually reevaluate and follow up
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2
Q

Emergency cart: Looks like? Contains?

A

-Looks like a tool cart.

  • Contains drugs and equipment to handle life threatening situations
  • many sites have the drawers arranged in “ABC” order.
  • secured and left in a secured place
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3
Q

Emergency cart Drugs:

  • atrophine
  • benadryl
  • cordarone
A
  • bradycardia
  • allergic reactions
  • arrhythmias
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4
Q

Emergency cart Drugs cont’d”

  • Dilantin
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Lasix
A
  • seizures
  • metabolic acidosis
  • edema
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5
Q

Cart drugs cont’d:

  • Xylocaine
  • Intropin
  • Isoptin
  • Epinephrine
A
  • arrhythmias
  • shock
  • arrhythmias
  • cardiac arrest/ analphylaxis
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6
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

-Backboard

A

for trauma;can use for CPR

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7
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

-Flashlight

A

look into eyes on in airway

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8
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

Levine Tubing

A

Naso-gastric tubing

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9
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

Jelco Cannulas

A

IV tubing

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10
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

Cut down Tray

A

for inserting PICC lines

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11
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

Connectors

A

Connecting tubing

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12
Q

Non-Drug Items on Crash Cart:

Surgical lubricant

A

Placing NG tube; insertion purposes

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13
Q

Head injuries:
LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:
-PT with the LEAST severe injury:

A
  • Pt is alert and conscious

- can fully respond to stimuli and ?’s

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14
Q

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:

-more serious injured pts:

A

-drowsy. can be roused with a loud voice, or gentle physical contact

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15
Q

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:

-Even more seriously injured pts:

A

Unconscious and reacts to only painful stimuli

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16
Q

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:

-most serious injured pts:

A

comatose or unresponsive to all stimuli

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17
Q

Indications of Deteriorating Situations:

always ___ your pt BEFORE you begin the procedures. WHY?

A

-ASSESS. For comparison if condition worsens.

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18
Q

SIGNS of deteriorating head injury:

A
  • irritability
  • lethargy
  • slowing pulse rate
  • slowing respiratory rate
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19
Q

RESPONSE to deteriorating head injury situations: (5)

A
  • STOP the procedure
  • Maintain open airway
  • Move Pt as little as possible
  • Get assistance
  • monitor VITAL SIGNS.
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20
Q

SHOCK:

A

General term that indicates failure of the circulatory system to support vital body functions

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21
Q

Several types of shock:

1. Hypovolemic:

A

caused by loss of blood or tissue fluid

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22
Q

Several types of shock:

2. Cardiogenic:

A

cardiac disorders-myocardial infarction

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23
Q

Several types of shock:

3. neurogenic:

A

Damage to upper spinal cord, CNS damaged

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24
Q

Several types of shock:

4. Vasogenic (septic)

A

caused by infection, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis

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25
What kinds of shock will you likely encounter?
Hypovolemic. OR a type of vasogenic, which is anaphylaxis.
26
Anaphlaxis shock often occurs after:
a contrast media injection reaction.
27
Shock prevention
Prevent sudden changes in body temperature. Keep pts warm, but not too warm.
28
Contributing factors to shock: (3)
1. Pain 2. Stress 3. Anxiety
29
always pat attention to two aspects of the care you're administering:
physical and psychological
30
Signs and symptoms of shock: (7)
Restlessness, apprehension, general anxiety, tachycardia, decrease in BP, cold/clammy skin, PALLOR (Absence of skin color)
31
Post contrast Anaphylactic shock: -Severe Reactions: can result in.. -always! - The longer it takes the reaction to develop..
- Can result in cardiac arrest or death - ALWAYS get pt history and consent to prevent reactions - the less severe it will be-- severe reactions appear quickly.
32
Post contrast Anaphylactic shock: Mild Reactions: similar to ___. -characteristics:
- Allergic reactions - Localized itching - Urticaria (hives) - nausea and vomiting.
33
What is "generalized" itching and hives more indicative of?
Systemic reaction-- a more serious contrast reaction
34
What do you do if these reactions get worse?
Call or assistance/nurse
35
What is one of the first things administered to the patient by the MD?
epinephrine/antihistamine (benadryl)
36
Even more serious reactions might include: (3)
- Laryngeal edema (swelling of throat) - shock - cardiac arrest
37
for cardiac arrest:
Administer CPR
38
Diabetic Crises: | Hypoglycemia
(excessive insulin present) pt is weak, shaky, sweating, confused, irritable.
39
Diabetic Crises: | Hyperglycemia
(excessive sugar in blood) associated w. diabetes | Thirst, urination, dry mucosa, rapid and deep breaths, drowsy and confused.
40
What to do if pt is about to go into diabetic attack for: Hypoglycemia
(can go into insulin shock or insulin reaction) pt needs carbohydrates such as: glucose tablet, sweetened orange juice, candy bar -let pt sit/lie quietly. -if unconscious, don't give carbs.
41
What to do if pt is about to go into diabetic attack for: Hyperglycemia
needs insulin. can go into diabetic coma. get help
42
Respiratory Distress: Asthma-- what is happening when wheezing is occuring?
Loss of elasticity of bronchi
43
what should the tech do in case of asthma attack?
- Stop the procedure - Get pt to sitting or more upright position - allow pt to use asthma meds - get assistance
44
CHOKING: how to assess if pt is choking or not -encourage pt to...
- can they speak? - can't respond, red in the face... clutches throat w. both hands - COUGH
45
What to do for pregnant choking
stand in back, arms around pt with thumb side of fist placed about center of sternum.
46
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CARDIAC ARREST:(4)
1. Crushing chest pain 2. pain down left arm 3. pallor 4. other?
47
CVAs:
Cerebrovascular accidents
48
CVAs more often occur in...
adults over 75... onset is sudden.
49
warning signs of CVAs:
Slurred or loss of speech, paralysis on one or both sides, dizziness and loss of vision (usually one eye)
50
What should tech do if pt is having CVA?
- get nurse or PA - don't stand pt or move - if loss of consciousness or breathing begin CPR
51
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: | -Nausea and vomiting:
-both a psychological and physical response
52
how to instruct pt if they feel nausea
breath slowly and deeply through their mouths
53
if vomiting cannot be avoided:
- make sure pt is in a position that they wont aspirate - turn head - if possible provide emesis basin
54
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: | Epistaxis:
-Nose bleed
55
for epistaxis
- don't put pt in recumbent pos. - lean them forward + have them put digital pressure on nostril against nasal septum - dont tilt head back - apply moist compress if pressure doesnt work - if doesnt stop in 15 min get help
56
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: Vertigo: Syncope:
-dizziness | -fainting assist pt to seated or recumbent pos
57
Syncope is a __ | -get pt in __
Self-correcting mechanism to get blood flow back to the brain. -recumbent pos with feet elevated. loosen any tight clothes, moist cool cloth to forehead.
58
Treatment for vertigo/syncope is aimed at:
getting increasing blood flow to head/brain
59
orthostatic hypotension:
dizziness/vertigo from sitting/standing up too quickly
60
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: | Seizures-- mild:
May experience brief loss of consciousness or may stare into space for brief time. may be slightly confused and weak
61
Seizures-- severe:
experience involuntary contraction of muscles on 1 or both sides of the body. lasts for several minutes
62
PT may experience __ before a seizure
Aura. (physical or mental warning)
63
do not ___ the pt..
Restrain, but prevent injury. move to floor with pillow behind head. afterwards make sure airway is open
64
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: | Falls:
minimize and if it happens then proceed with appropriate action
65
MINOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: Wounds: -Dehiscence
When sutures separate, allowing abdominal contents to spill out of cavity.
66
dehiscence cont'd: -do NOT: do:
- dont try to put contacts back in - do place sterile dressing over area - do put pt in seated. slightly forward pos to relieve abdominal pressure on wound
67
evisceration:
loss of organs from a body cavity
68
Automatic External Defibrillators:
(AEDs) used for application of external electrical shock to restore cardiac rhythm and rate
69
CPR stands for:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: artifical substitution of heart and lung action
70
hemorrage
escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding
71
ventricullar fibrilation
disorganized cardiac rhythm

Intro to Rad (3 decks)

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