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TIMOTHY World geography > Chapter 19-20 > Flashcards

Chapter 19-20 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

National Identity

A

characteristics that make a nation

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2
Q

Holocaust

A

comes from a word that means a fire that burns something completely. Nazis massacred more than six million Jews and Poles during WWII

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3
Q

ghetto

A

an area of a city where Jews were forced to live during the Holocaust

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4
Q

Solidarity

A

an independent Polish workers’ labor union

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5
Q

velvet revolution

A

a revolution without bloodshed

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6
Q

privatization

A

the process of selling government-owned industries and businesses to private owners who can run them better

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7
Q

collective farms

A

in Slovakia, private ownership of farms ended, and and workers were paid by the government and shared the profits from their work

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8
Q

balkanize

A

to break up into small, mutually hostile political units

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9
Q

entrepreneurs

A

go-getters individuals who start and build business

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10
Q

multiplier effect

A

the effect an investment has in multiplying related jobs in an economy

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11
Q

taiga

A

land of little sticks - trees do not grow well

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12
Q

tundra

A

very cold, desert-like region, very small plants and animals

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13
Q

steppes

A

broad open stretches south of forests

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14
Q

chernozem

A

means “black earth” refers to soil in russian steppes

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15
Q

permafrost

A

permanently frozen soil

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16
Q

Siberia

A

the Asian expanse of Russia

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17
Q

Czars

A

russian kings. name comes from the title caesar

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18
Q

communism

A

government controls almost all aspects of life

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19
Q

soviet

A

governing council

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20
Q

glasnost

A

policy that allowed citizens and news media to say what they wanted without fear of government persecution

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21
Q

perestroika

A

economic restructuring from command economy to private ownership

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22
Q

command economy

A

one in which central authority decides what goods will be produced

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23
Q

Which group conquered the Poles most recently?

A

soviets?

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24
Q

Capital of Poland

A

Warsaw

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25
most of Poland is covered by
farmland - open field
26
Before WWII how many Jews were in Poland?
more than 3 million
27
after WWII how many Jews lived in Poland?
about 9,000
28
Population of Jews changed because
almost all Polish Jews were killed by the Nazis during WWII
29
What happened in the Warsaw ghetto?
When the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto rebelled, the Nazis killed everyone living there and burned it to the ground
30
How many concentration camps in Poland?
six
31
Who took over Poland after the Nazis?
the soviets
32
The catholic Church
maintained unity for the Polish people
33
Solidarity
a Polish workers' union that brought about the first free elections in 1989
34
Czech Republic Capital
Prague
35
1993
Czech Republic became a nation
36
Austrian Hapsburg Monarchs
ruled the czech people for nearly 400 years
37
the declining influence of soviet union in the 1980s spurred
the velvet revolution
38
when did czechozlavakia peacefully split
1993
39
two regions of the Czech Republic
Bohemia and Moravia
40
Slovakia became and independent nation in
1993
41
slovakia is also known as
Slovak Republic
42
Capital of Slovakia
Bratislava
43
traditionally an agricultural region
Slovakia
44
Manufacturing in Slovakia was not important until
the communists came to power after WWII
45
about 90% of Hungarians came from
Magyars
46
Capital of Hungary
Budapest
47
birth of Hungary
the year 1000 when the pope crowned king Stephen
48
river that divides Hungary in two
Danube
49
breadbasket of Europe
The Great Alfold (in Hungary)
50
what process took place after WWI in the Balkans
Balkanize - to break up into small, mutually hostile political units
51
Who ruled the Balkans for 500 years?
the Turks
52
Capital of Romania
Bucharest
53
who made small fortunes selling soft drinks in romania
entrepreneurs
54
multiplier effect n soft drink example
new jobs were added
55
Capital of Bulgaria
Sofia
56
known as the garden of Eastern Europe
Bulgaria
57
Capital of Albania
Tirana
58
known as Europe's hermit
Albania
59
3 countries that make up Baltic States
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
60
Baltic states benefit from
location
61
Capital of Russia
Moscow
62
largest country in terms of land area
Russia
63
mountain range that divides Europe and Asia
Ural Mountains
64
highest mountain range in RUssia
Caucasus Mountains
65
Ural Mountains important because
valuable minerals
66
Europe's longest River
Volga River
67
World's largest lake
the Caspian Sea
68
two types of climate in most of Russia
subarctic or continental
69
National symbol of Russia
brown bear
70
chernozem
"black earth" found in steppes
71
Siberia
Asian expanse of Russia
72
Natural resources in Siberia
hard to gather because of harsh climate and terrain
73
Monguls (Tatars and Golden Horde)
took over Russia in 1237, ruled for 150 years
74
Russian princes
Czars
75
Peter the Great
moved russian capital to St. Petersburg
76
Catherine the great
extended russian control to the west
77
Napolean
Challenged Russia in 1812, failed partly because of harsh winter
78
serfdom
abolished in 1861
79
February 1917
severe food shortage and russian defeats in WWI led to riots in st. Petersburg
80
during St petersburg riots, czar abdicated his throne when
government troops joined riots
81
New government built principles on
Karl Marx's ideas
82
communism
government controls all aspects of life
83
Supreme soviet located at
Moscow
84
soviet
governing councils
85
standard of living remained poor in Soviet Russia
no freedom
86
June 1941
German troops attack Russia, failed partly because of harsh winters
87
Russians called WWII
Great Patriotic War - more than 20 million russians died
88
Cold War
Russia and US compete for power and strength
89
Mikhail GOrbachev
brought new freedoms to Russia (Glasnost and Perestroika)
90
First democratic election in Russia
1991 - Boris Yeltsin
91
Russian President today
Vladimir Putin

TIMOTHY World geography (15 decks)

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