CHAPTER 19

Question 1

define evolution

Answer 1

descent with modification

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

viewed species as fixed or un-changing. concluded that organisms could be arranged on a ladder, of increasing complexity. each life perfect and permanent

Question 3

Linnaeus

Answer 3

developed binomial format for naming species.

Question 4

Cuvier

Answer 4

developed paleontology, speculated each boundry between strata represented a sudden catastrophic events.

Question 5

Hutton

Answer 5

Earth’s geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms, such as valleys being formed

Question 6

Lyell

Answer 6

along with Hutton’s idea, said same geological processes are operating today as in past at same rate

Question 7

Lamarck

Answer 7

ALL OF HIS IDEAS ARE WRONG. thought evolution b/c animals have innate drive to become more complex

Question 8

Lamarck’s ideas included:

Answer 8

1. use and disuse: idea that parts of body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those not use deteriorate
2. inheritance of acquired characteristics, an organism could pass these modifications to offspring. ex. giraffee

Question 9

Voyage of Beagle

Answer 9

Darwin observed adaptations, and explained these with what he called natural selection

Question 10

adaptation

Answer 10

inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher raters than other individuals because of those traits

Question 12

artificial selection

Answer 12

human modifying species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits

Question 13

Darwin’s inferences

Answer 13

1. individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of survinving and reproducing in a given enviroment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals
2. unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to accumulation of favorable trais in population

Question 14

INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE

Answer 14

population evolves over time

Question 15

homology

Answer 15

similarities resulting from common ancestry

Question 16

homologous structures

Answer 16

represent variations on a structural theme that was present in their common ancestor

Question 17

vestigial structures

Answer 17

remnants of features that serves a function in organism’s ancestor

Question 18

convergent evolution

Answer 18

independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Question 19

analogous

Answer 19

features that share similar function but not common ancestry

Question 20

biogeography

Answer 20

scientific study of the geographic distribution of species

Question 21

define evolution

Answer 21

descent with modification

Question 22

Aristotle

Answer 22

viewed species as fixed or un-changing. concluded that organisms could be arranged on a ladder, of increasing complexity. each life perfect and permanent

Question 23

Linnaeus

Answer 23

developed binomial format for naming species.

Question 24

Cuvier

Answer 24

developed paleontology, speculated each boundry between strata represented a sudden catastrophic events.

Question 25

Hutton

Answer 25

Earth's geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms, such as valleys being formed

Question 26

Lyell

Answer 26

along with Hutton's idea, said same geological processes are operating today as in past at same rate

Question 27

Lamarck

Answer 27

ALL OF HIS IDEAS ARE WRONG. thought evolution b/c animals have innate drive to become more complex

Question 28

Lamarck's ideas included:

Answer 28

1. use and disuse: idea that parts of body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those not use deteriorate 2. inheritance of acquired characteristics, an organism could pass these modifications to offspring. ex. giraffee

Question 29

Voyage of Beagle

Answer 29

Darwin observed adaptations, and explained these with what he called natural selection

Question 30

adaptation

Answer 30

inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher raters than other individuals because of those traits

Question 32

artificial selection

Answer 32

human modifying species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits

Question 33

Darwin's inferences

Answer 33

1. individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of survinving and reproducing in a given enviroment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals 2. unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to accumulation of favorable trais in population

Question 34

INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE

Answer 34

population evolves over time

Question 35

homology

Answer 35

similarities resulting from common ancestry

Question 36

homologous structures

Answer 36

represent variations on a structural theme that was present in their common ancestor

Question 37

vestigial structures

Answer 37

remnants of features that serves a function in organism's ancestor

Question 38

convergent evolution

Answer 38

independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Question 39

analogous

Answer 39

features that share similar function but not common ancestry

Question 40

biogeography

Answer 40

scientific study of the geographic distribution of species