Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

structure 2 > chapter 19- blood > Flashcards

chapter 19- blood Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is blood?

A

component of the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does blood do?

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removes CO2 and waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the role of blood?

A

maintains homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does blood transport?

A

gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what systems does the blood work with?

A

respiratory, urinary, and endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does blood regulate?

A

pH (7.35-7.45) and fluid ion balance
body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how much of your body comp is blood?

A

8% of total BW
females 4-5L, men 5-6 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is plasma?

A

liquid matrix of blood.
91%= water
7% proteins
2% solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how much of the blood is plasma?

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes up 45% of the blood?

A

formed elements
RBC, WBC, and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is colloid solution

A

liquid with suspended substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 plasma proteins?

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

albumins

A

role in blood viscosity, acts as buffers to prevent a drastic pH change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are alpha globulins ?

A

protect from inflammation and transport lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

beta globulins

A

transports ions, involved immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gamma globulins

A

immunity (Ab’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fibrinogens

A

role in blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

does plasma have a tight control regarding ions, nutrients, waste products, and gases in plasma ?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what makes up 95% of the formed elements?

A

erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what makes up the remaining 5% of formed elements?

A

leukocytes nad thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

granulocytes

A

phagocytizes pathogens or debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

eosinophils

A

kills parasitic worms, slightly phagocytic, complex role in allergy and asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

basophil

A

release histamine and other mediators of inflammation: contain heparin (anticoagulant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

agranulocytes lymphocytes

A

mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
monocyte
develop into macrophages in tissues and phagocytize pathogens or debris
26
hematopoiesis
blood cell production
27
red bone marrow
lasted in ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, and proximal femur and humerus
28
formed elements
formed from hemocytoblasts- can become any formed element
29
true or false- lymphoid stem cell is already committed
true, must be a lymphoid cell
30
myeloid stem cells
proerythroblasts - stimulated by erythropoietin from kidney myeloblasts mono blasts megakaryoblasts
31
proerythroblasts
committed to becoming a RBC
32
megakaryoblasts
becomes committed to making platelet fragments
33
monoblasts
makes monocytes
34
granulocytes gives rise to:
eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils
35
what is the structure of RBCs?
biconcave discs, changes shape to fit through capillaries (fold and changes shape to decrease size as long as it is healthy)
36
hemoglobin pigment carries which minerals?
iron, CO2, O2
37
where is oxygen present in the RBC?
98.5% on hemoglobin, 1.5% on dissolved plasma
38
where is CO2 present in RBCs?
7% dissolved in plasma, 23% on hemoglobin, and 70% converts bicarbonate ions
39
oxyhemoglobin
bright red, oxygen form
40
deoxyhemoglobin
dark red, no oxygen
41
carbanohemoglobin
CO2 attached to globin
42
carboxyhemoglobin
CO2 attached to iron
43
symptoms of carboxyhemoglobin?
headaches, nausea, unconscious, death more popular in smokers (5-15%) in blood carbon monoxide poisoning
44
preferential binding
when CO2 binds before oxygen gets the chance to bind, preventing O2 from binding
45
how many RBC are replaced daly?
1% of total RBC
46
erythropoiesis
rise to new RBC, takes 4 days to produce, stimulated by erythropoietin from kidney
47
reticulocytes
immature RBCs, lack nucleus,\= released from RBM into blood. takes 2 days to mature
48
what is the normal relic count?
0.5-2% of circulating RBC
49
relic counts
used to monitor RBC production, if rise in count- indication of response to therapy for anemia
50
normal life span of RBC
120 days (4 months) then ruptures since it can't pass through capillaries
51
hemolysis
rupture as RBC go through capillaries goes to spleen to get recycled hemoglobin r=turns into plasma and denatures
52
genetically how is sickle cell anemia passed down?
autosomal recessive
53
what is sickle cell anemia ?
mutation in beta global chain of hgb
54
how does the sick cell mutation occur
change in 1 nucleotide- turns AA substitution of Glu to Val
55
what advantage does sickle cell anemia have?
immunity to malaria, possibly increased fertility
56
how many people in Africa are carriers for SCD?
up to 50%
57
how many people in America are carriers for SCD?
up to 8% are carriers, 0.8% have the disease
58
when are SCD carriers affected
when the person is stressed
59
how does sickle cell affect people
oxygen is added to blood and changes the shape, shape blocks blood flow and causes less oxygen, causes snowball affect and eventually RBC cannot revert to normal
60
symptoms of SCD
extreme pain, spleen and liver enlargement, lung and kidney damage, stroke, priapism, prolonged and painful erection during sex
61
treatment of SCD
decrease blood vessel blockage, treat pain and prevent infections, hydroxyurea, one marrow transplant, gene therapy possible
62
leukocytes
WBCs, immune system and remove dead cells and debris
63
what are the two classifications of leukocytes?
granulocytes and agranulocytes
64
granulocytes-
large granules
65
what are examples of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
66
neutrophils-
granules aren't very visible (acidic and basic dyes) 50-70% multiobed nucleus
67
eosinophils
red granules and acidic dyes kills parasitic worms, allergies, asthma, modulate inflammation
68
basophils
dark purple granules with basic dyes
69
agranulocytes examples
monocytes and lymphocytes
70
monocytes
large with kidney shaped or U nucleus blood to tissue - macrophages, role in phagocytosis
71
lymphocytes
small with round nucleus, sliver of cytoplasm goes to lymphatic tissue
72
what kind of cells are in neutrophils
PMN cells ( polymorphonuclear)- 1 form first to respond to infection, phagocytize bacteria and secrete lysozymes
73
platelets
cell fragments from megakaryocytes, small amount of cytoplasm
74
what does cytoplasm contain?
actin and myosin - platelet contraction
75
what is the role of thrombocytes?
prevent/ control blood loss 1. form platelet plug to seal holes in small vessels 2. promote formation and clot contraction to seal large vessel wounds
76
hemostasis
stop bleeding to maintain homeostasis
77
what happens if hemostasis does not occur?
xs bleeding from injury to blood vessel, + feedback cycle with progressive drop in blood volume and BP
78
what are the 3 processes of hemostasis?
vascular spasm platelet plug formation coagulation
79
vascular spasm -
blood vessels constriction as smooth muscle in BV wall contracts...
80
thromboxanes
released from platelets -> blood vessel constriction
81
platelet plug formation -
accumulation of platelets to seal small tears in blood vessels...
82
coagulation
help form blood clots
83
what two pathways lead to coagulation
extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
84
extrinsic pathway
chemicals are outside of the bloodin
85
intrinsic pathway
chemicals intrinsic to blood
86
what do anticoagulants do?
prevent undesired clotting, prevents coagulation factors from initiating clot formation unless needed
87
anticoagulants:
antithrombin (slowly inactivates thrombin) heparin (quickly inactivates thrombin) prostacyclin (endothelial cells produce, counteracts effects of thrombin)\
88
clot retracts
condenses into dense, smaller area, due to actin and myosin, serum is exuded from clot
89
fibrinolysis
plasmin enzyme breaks down fibrin
90

structure 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions