Chapter 19: Classification & Phylogeny Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is taxonomy?
Naming and grouping organisms.
What is classification?
Organizing based on shared traits.
What is systematic biology?
Evolution-based classification.
Linnaean hierarchy order?
Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.
3 domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Traits of each domain?
Bacteria = peptidoglycan; Archaea = extreme environments; Eukarya = nucleus.
Ancestral vs derived traits?
Ancestral = old, shared. Derived = new, unique.
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary history.
What is taxonomy?
Naming and grouping organisms.
Ex: Homo sapiens is human’s name.
What is classification?
Organizing by shared traits.
Ex: Mammals have fur.
What is systematic biology?
Study of evolutionary relationships.
Ex: Using DNA to classify species.
What is a trait?
A feature or characteristic.
Ex: Having a backbone.
What are taxa?
Groups of organisms.
Ex: Genus, species, family.
What are natural groups?
Organisms that share a common ancestor.
Ex: All birds from one ancestor.
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary tree or history.
Ex: Tree showing whale ancestors.
What is binomial nomenclature?
Two-part scientific name.
Ex: Panthera leo (lion).
What is a specific epithet?
Second part of name.
Ex: “sapiens” in Homo sapiens.
What is a domain in taxonomy?
Largest taxonomic group.
Ex: Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria.
What is the hierarchy of classification?
Order of classification levels.
Ex: Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.
What is Domain Eukarya?
Organisms with nuclei.
Ex: Humans, plants.
What is Domain Archaea?
Prokaryotes in extreme environments.
Ex: Hot spring microbes.
What is Domain Bacteria?
Regular prokaryotes.
Ex: E. coli.
What is an ancestral trait?
Trait shared with ancestors.
Ex: Backbone in all vertebrates.
What is a derived trait?
Newer, evolved trait.
Ex: Feathers in birds.
