Chapter 20: Viruses & Prokaryotes Flashcards
(32 cards)
Virus parts?
Capsid + inner core (DNA/RNA).
Virus reproduction cycles?
Lytic = quick burst. Lysogenic = hides in host DNA.
Prokaryote features?
No nucleus, has plasmid, capsule, pili, etc.
Gram-positive vs Gram-negative?
+ = thick wall, purple stain. – = thin wall, pink stain.
3 bacterial types by nutrition?
Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs.
What’s special about cyanobacteria?
Do photosynthesis, made oxygen on early Earth.
Archaea vs bacteria?
Archaea have different lipids/enzymes.
3 types of archaea?
Methanogens (swamps), halophiles (salt), thermoacidophiles (heat & acid).
What is a virus?
Non-living particle with genetic material
Ex: Flu virus, COVID-19
What is a capsid?
Protein shell around virus genome
Ex: Protects virus DNA/RNA
What is the inner core of a virus?
Nucleic acid inside virus
Ex: RNA or DNA content
What is the lytic cycle?
Virus bursts and kills host cell
Ex: Cold virus attacking fast
What is the lysogenic cycle?
Virus DNA hides in host genome
Ex: Dormant herpes virus
What are prokaryotes?
No nucleus, simple cells
Ex: Bacteria, archaea
What are bacteria?
Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan
Ex: Causes strep throat
What is a nucleoid?
DNA region in prokaryotes
Ex: No membrane-bound nucleus
What is a plasmid?
Small circular DNA in bacteria
Ex: Carries antibiotic resistance
What is a conjugation pilus?
Structure for DNA transfer
Ex: One bacteria shares genes with another
What is a flagellum?
Tail-like structure for movement
Ex: Helps bacteria swim
What are fimbriae?
Hair-like structures for sticking
Ex: Bacteria attaching to tissue
What is a capsule?
Sticky coating for protection
Ex: Makes bacteria hard to kill
What is peptidoglycan?
Cell wall material in bacteria
Ex: Target of antibiotics
What is gram-positive?
Thick wall, stains purple
Ex: Staph infections
What is gram-negative?
Thin wall + outer layer, stains pink
Ex: E. coli
