chapter 19 (done)

Question 1

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

IgA

Question 2

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct.

Question 3

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is ________.

Answer 3

rhinovirus

Question 4

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Answer 4

it is viral in origin

Question 4

Cold viruses are transmitted by ________.

Answer 4

droplet contact and indirect contact

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 4

Forms spores

Question 5

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever are due to ________.

Answer 5

erythrogenic toxin

Question 5

Pertussis has the following characteristics except ________.

Answer 5

the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with “whoops”

Question 5

Rheumatic fever is caused by ________.

Answer 5

an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart

Question 6

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except ________.

Answer 6

pertussis

Question 6

Superantigens ________.

Answer 6

All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Answer 7

Coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage

Question 7

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ________.

Answer 7

neuraminidase

Question 8

Respiratory syncytial virus ________.

Answer 8

All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except ________.

Answer 8

a reservoir is human carriers

Question 9

Influenza vaccines include all the following except ________.

Answer 9

the ability to provide lifelong immunity

Question 10

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Answer 10

antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis

Question 11

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

Answer 11

All species are human pathogens

Question 12

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n) ________.

Answer 12

All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________, or _________, a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

Answer 12

antigenic drift; antigenic shift

Question 12

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of ________.

Answer 12

mononuclear cells

Question 13

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Answer 13

All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

When the centers of tubercles break down into _______ lesions, they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

Answer 14

necrotic caseous

Question 14

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Answer 14

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Question 15

. Legionella pneumophila ________.

Answer 15

often lives intracellularly in amoebas

Question 15

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper Suspecting the patient is infected with influenza, the nurse prepares to obtain which of the following specimens for rapid testing at an external laboratory?

Answer 15

Nasal swab

Question 15

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include ________.

Answer 15

it grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings

Question 16

Assess the following statements and determine which one is incorrect regarding antigenic shift

Answer 16

The influenza virus genome mutates over time changing the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoproteins. Each encounter with a new version of the virus requires activation of naive lymphocytes rather than memory cells, which is the reason we receive a new vaccination each year.

Question 17

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper The rapid microbial analysis is negative for group A Streptococcus and reveals the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen. Based upon this information, all of the following microbes can be ruled out in the diagnosis except ________.

Answer 17

Influenza A

Question 17

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper The laboratory findings report that the child is infected with influenza B virus. Which of the following medications would the nurse expect to be ordered for this child?

Answer 17

Oseltamivir

Question 17

Most common cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae and results in a sensation of fullness or pain in the ear

Answer 17

Otitis media

Question 18

Streptococcus pyogenes infection that results in a sore throat with reddened mucosa, swollen tonsils, and pus nodules

Answer 18

Bacterial pharyngiti

Question 18

Caused by hundreds of viruses and results in sneezing, scratchy throat, and runny nose

Answer 18

Common cold

Question 19

Caused by a number of bacteria and results in nasal congestion, pressure above the nose or in the forehead, and headache

Answer 19

Sinusitis

Question 19

Results from a Streptococcus pyogenes strain that is infected with a toxin-coding bacteriophage and is characterized by a sandpaper-like rash

Answer 19

Scarlet fever

Question 20

Due to an immunological cross reaction between the streptococcal M protein and heart muscle

Answer 20

Rheumatic fever

Question 20

Results from streptococcal proteins forming immune complexes which are deposited on the basement membranes of the kidney

Answer 20

Glomerulonephritis

Question 21

Streptococcal toxins that act as superantigens and cause skin issues

Answer 21

Psoriasis

Question 21

Question 21

Caused by Bordetella; called "whooping cough"

Answer 21

Pertussis

Question 22

Viral infection characterized by giant multinucleated cells

Answer 22

RSV Infection

Question 22

Viral infection causing chills, body aches, headache, and fever

Answer 22

Influenza

Question 22

Viral infection that can cause severe respiratory distress but can also remain asymptomatic yet transmissible

Answer 22

COVID-19

Question 22

Massive production of bradykinins but dampened interferon response

Answer 22

SARS- CoV-2

Question 23

Capsule

Answer 23

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 23

Adhesins

Answer 23

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 24

Induces inflammatory response

Answer 24

Hantavirus

Question 25

Survival in phagocytes

Answer 25

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 25

# A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor All of the following are potential differential diagnoses that the RN may anticipate for this patient except _______.

Answer 25

otitis media

Question 26

# A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor What is the most appropriate type of isolation for this patient while awaiting the results of the bacterial and viral studies?

Answer 26

Respiratory precautions (droplet mask, gown, and gloves)

Question 26

# A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor The lab calls to notify the RN that the 12-hour growth on the respiratory bacterial culture is negative. Based upon this result, which of the following is the most likely causative organism in this otherwise healthy 5-month-old child?

Answer 26

A virus

Question 26

# A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor The viral antigen studies come back positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The parents are anxious that their older children (ages 10 years and 12 years) may have been exposed. Which of the following statements by the RN is most appropriate regarding the susceptibility of the other children?

Answer 26

Children younger than two years of age are the most susceptible to serious disease from RSV

Question 26

# A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a Based on the initial assessment, what is the RN's priority intervention for this patient?

Answer 26

Administration of supplemental oxygen

Question 27

# A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a The provider suspects the patient has pneumonia so respiratory specimens are sent to the lab to confirm the diagnosis. While educating the patient, which organism does the RN state is the primary cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 27

Pneumococcus

Question 27

# A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a What antibiotic does the RN expect to be ordered for this patient?

Answer 27

Cefotaxime

Question 27

# A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a In educating the patient about prevention of community-acquired pneumonia, all of the following are emphasized by the RN as effective methods except _______.

Answer 27

prophylactic antibiotics

Question 28

The RN advises the mother to assess the child's oral cavity. The observation of which clinical sign would be most significant in the diagnosis of pharyngitis caused by a streptococcal organism?

Answer 28

White pockets of exudate

Question 28

Based upon the mother's response to the appearance of the oral cavity, the RN advises the mother to seek medical attention for her child. In educating the mother about potential complications for untreated streptococcal throat infections, she indicates that all of the following are potential complications except _______.

Answer 28

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 29

The RN advises the mother to observe for symptoms in the other children in the household. When can she expect to see symptoms emerge if the other children become infected?

Answer 29

2–5 days

Question 29

To confirm the diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment, the RN expects all of the following to be ordered except ________.

Answer 29

bed rest

Question 30

.The patient's rapid strep A test comes back positive in 1 hour. How would the RN best communicate to the mother that the medical team may be wary of confirming the diagnosis of strep throat based upon this information alone?

Answer 30

The rapid strep test has a high risk of false-negative results.

Question 30

Question 31

Slow-growing bacterial infection that is transmissible only when active

Answer 31

Tuberculosis