micro exam 2 ( done)

Question 1

A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over

What is the most concerning possible cause of the patient’s persistent fever and other symptoms?

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over

Based upon the patient’s report, the RN infers that the tender, palpable lump under the right arm is most likely which of the following?

Answer 2

Lymph node

Question 3

A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over

The RN anticipates the physician will order which of the following tests?

Answer 3

all of the choices are correct.

Question 4

A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over

When does the RN advise the patient to see the physician?

Answer 4

In the next 24 hours

Question 5

A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over

After a thorough medical work up, the patient is diagnosed with breast cancer. Which of the following is the source of the patient’s persistent fever?

Answer 5

Endogenous pyrogens

Question 6

A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported

Which of the following autoimmune diseases is the most likely diagnosis based upon the patient’s presentation?

Answer 6

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 7

A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported

What type of hypersensitivity do the patient’s symptoms demonstrate?

Answer 7

Type III: Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

Question 7

A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported

Which of the following organs may be affected in the patient’s disease?

Answer 7

All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported

The RN may anticipate which of the following medications to be initiated for this patient?

Answer 8

All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported

Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates a proper understanding of autoimmune disease?

Answer 9

My body has formed antibodies against itself

Question 10

The ________ of a test means the test can detect even very small concentrations of the antigen or antibody being analyzed, whereas the ________ of a test focuses on the ability of a test to only detect the desired antigen or antibody without reacting with other unrelated substances.

Answer 10

sensitivity; specificity

Question 10

Superantigens are ________.

Answer 10

bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens

Question 11

Helper T cells ________.

Answer 11

activate B cells and other T cells

Question 12

Point- source epidemic

Answer 12

Epidemic in which the infectious agent came from a single source and all victims were exposed to that source, at approximately the same time

Question 12

Propagated epidemic

Answer 12

An epidemic that is sustained over time by its spread from person to person

Question 12

common - source epidemic

Answer 12

An outbreak resulting from common exposure to a single source of an infection that occured over a period of time

Question 13

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep

A Western blot test will be performed. The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Answer 13

The Western blot test is unlikely to generate a false-positive result. This will be used to confirm or refute the ELISA test results.

Question 14

Streptococcus pyogenes causes all of the following except ________.

Answer 14

scalded skin syndrome

Question 14

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep

The patient reports that he had a negative HIV PCR test about a month ago. What is the most appropriate interpretation of this information by the nurse?

Answer 14

It is possible the ELISA was a false-positive, and the Western blot must be performed to confirm the results.

Question 14

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep

An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result. The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Answer 14

It is possible that this is a false-positive result since the test may have been positive for something other than HIV.

Question 15

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Answer 15

Adjuvant

Question 16

Select the correctly apply to PAMPS and PRRS

Answer 16

PRRs are present at all times on phagocytic cells and even lymphocytes, regardless of whether they have encountered their corresponding PAMP
PAMPS are molecules present only on microorganisms and they serve as signal molecules for pathogen recognition
Peptidoglycan, LPS, and double- stranded RNA and all PAMPS since they are not present in eukaryotic cells

Question 16

Diapedesis is the ________.

Answer 16

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Question 17

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ________.

Answer 17

markers

Question 18

Pig picture

Answer 18

Question 18

Gamma-delta T cells differ from other T cells in that ________.

Answer 18

they can be directly activated by PAMPs, whereas other T cells have to be presented with the antigen in conjunction with an MHC molecule on an antigen-presenting cell

Question 19

Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?

Answer 19

Contains toxoids

Question 19

Chickenpox ________.

Answer 19

All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Titer is the amount of ________.

Answer 20

antibody in serum

Question 21

. This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage.

Answer 21

Rubella

Question 21

Healthcare-associated infections involve all the following except _______.

Answer 21

they are only transmitted by medical personnel

Question 22

The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their _______.

Answer 22

virulence

Question 23

What enzyme is not found in Staphylococcus epidermidis but is found in Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 23

Coagulase

Question 23

A positive indirect ELISA result requires ________.

Answer 23

a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

Question 24

Similar to macrophages, ________ are products of the monocytic cell line that reside throughout the tissues and present antigen to lymphocytes.

Answer 24

dendritic cells

Question 24

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n) _____ hypersensitivity.

Answer 24

immediate

Question 25

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

Answer 25

red blood cells

Question 25

Main function is to serve as antigen receptor on B- cell surface

Answer 25

IgD

Question 25

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of ________.

Answer 25

congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland

Question 26

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Answer 26

Require antigen presented with MHC proteins

Question 27

Antibody made at the beginning of initial response to antigen

Answer 27

IgM

Question 27

Dimer that is a significant component of mucus and secretion

Answer 27

IgA

Question 28

Most prevalent in circulation

Answer 28

IgG

Question 29

Mediates allergic response

Answer 29

Ige

Question 29

MRSAs are Staphylococcus aureus strains that are ________.

Answer 29

resistant to penicillin derivatives

Question 30

# An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic Which of the following lymphocytes are affected by HIV?

Answer 30

Helper T cells

Question 30

# An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic What statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the role of helper T cells?

Answer 30

Helper T cells regulate immune reactions through both B cells and T cells

Question 31

# An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering In order to prevent the spread of disease to other patients, the RN observes all of the following precautions, except _______.

Answer 31

disinfection of needles following injections

Question 31

# An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic Which of the following signs is most indicative of the development of AIDS from HIV?

Answer 31

Recurrent diseases

Question 32

# An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic Which of the following presents the greatest risk for infection for this patient?

Answer 32

Exposure to individuals with contagious acute illness

Question 32

Hematopoiesis is the ________

Answer 32

production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Question 33

# An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering All of the following factors increase the patient’s risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, except _______.

Answer 33

genetic defect

Question 33

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

Answer 33

Include Kupffer cells

Question 34

# An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering The patient developed the infection since hospitalization. Which of the following terms best describes this type of infection?

Answer 34

Healthcare-associated infection

Question 35

If an infectious disease emerged that was highly contagious and virulent, resulting in certain death with no known cure, epidemiological data would show _______.

Answer 35

a high incidence and low prevalence

Question 35

# An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering The patient is experiencing severe diarrhea every 6 hours. Which phase of infection is she most likely experiencing?

Answer 35

Period of invasion

Question 36

A female who is Rh– ________.

Answer 36

is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 37

Choose the statement that best describes the PCR's usefulness in infectious disease diagnosis.

Answer 37

Results in amplification of sample DNA

Question 37

# As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the cause of infectious disease?

Answer 37

"Host resistance and organism pathogenicity determine the type and severity of infection an individual will experience.”

Question 38

# As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio As the RN, you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections. All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection, except ________.

Answer 38

hospital beds

Question 39

# As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio The infectious disease RN discusses scenarios that require hand washing with germicidal soap and water instead of alcohol-based hand cleanser. Which of the following statements by a new nurse is most accurate regarding when hands should be washed with soap and water?

Answer 39

"I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated, but also before and after using gloves."

Question 39

High titers of specific antibodies are components of ________.

Answer 39

specific immune globulin (SIG)

Question 40

Corticosteroids will ________.

Answer 40

Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes

Question 40

Leukopenia is the ______ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.

Answer 40

Decrease

Question 41

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Answer 41

cytotoxic T cells

Question 41

What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue?

Answer 41

Both skin graft and organ transplantation

Question 42

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Answer 42

Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils

Question 43

All of the following pertain to interferon except it ________.

Answer 43

increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

Question 44

# A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w The causative organism for measles is a ________.

Answer 44

virus

Question 45

# A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w Which of the following interactions is most likely to transmit the disease?

Answer 45

Sneezing

Question 46

# A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w Which of the following is the most effective method of measles prevention?

Answer 46

Vaccination

Question 47

The major category(ies) of hypersensitivity that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is (are) ________.

Answer 47

type I, type II, and type III