Chapter 19 - Immunity

Question 1

immunocompetence

Answer 1

inflammation, cell mediated and antibody mediated responses all working.

Question 2

5 signs of inflammation

Answer 2

SPIRaL
Swelling
Pain
Increased Warmth
Redness
and
Loss of Function

Question 3

Signs of Inflammation are very similar to infection except

Answer 3

infection may have drainage

Question 4

Left Shift

Answer 4

Indicates infection

Increased Bands

Question 5

Normal % of Segs

Answer 5

62%

Question 6

Normal % of Bands

Answer 6

5%

Question 7

Normal % of Monos

Answer 7

3%

Question 8

Normal % of Lymphs

Answer 8

28%

Question 9

Normal % of Eosins

Answer 9

1.5%

Question 10

Normal % of Basos

Answer 10

0.5%

Question 11

Allergic Rx will cause increase in…

Answer 11

Eosinophils

Question 12

Which cells are the only cells able to recognize non self cells and attack them

Answer 12

WBCs

Question 13

Types of Antibody Mediated Immunity

Answer 13

Active and Passive Immunity

Question 14

Types of Active Immunity

Answer 14

Natural Active Immunity

Artificial Active Immunity

Question 15

Example of Natural Active Immunity

Answer 15

Infection

Question 16

Example of Artificial Active Immunity

Answer 16

Immunizations

Question 17

Types of Passive Immunity

Answer 17

Natural Passive Immunity

Artificial Passive Immunity

Question 18

Example of Natural Passive Immunity

Answer 18

Antibodies from Breastmilk and Placenta

Question 19

Examples of Artificial Passive Immunity

Answer 19

Antibodies given IV
IV immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Question 20

Longest Lasting and Most Effective form of immunity

Answer 20

Natural Active Immunity

Question 21

Cell Mediated Immune Response

Answer 21

• T lymphocytes
• activate macrophages of killer T Cells
• Production and activity of cytokines

Question 22

What do cytokines do

Answer 22

Turn on and off genes

Question 23

Antibody mediated immunity

Answer 23

regulated by B lymphocytes, plasma cells and Memory cells

Question 24

Interleukin-1

Answer 24

Induces fever
Stimulates production of prostaglandins
Increases growth of CD4+ Tcells

Question 25

Interleukin-2

Answer 25

Increases growth and differentiation of T-lymphocytes | Enhances natural killer cells activity against cancer cells

Question 26

Interleukin-6

Answer 26

Stimulates liver to produce fibrinogen and protein C Increases rate of bone marrow production of stem cells Increases numbers of sensitized B-lymphocytes.

Question 27

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

Answer 27

Induces fever Major cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis damage Major cytokins involved in the acute inflammatory response to infectious bacteria and starts many of the systemic complications of severe infection or sepsis. Increases leukocyte adhesion Participates in graft rejection Induces cachexia and muscle breakdown Induces cell death Stimulates delayed hypersensitivity reactions and allergy

Question 28

Transplant Rejection

Answer 28

- Normal response of the immune system - can damage or destroy the transplanted organ - need to take immunosuppressive drugs daily to prevent rejection - these drugs increase the risk for infection and cancer development

Question 29

3 types of rejection

Answer 29

Hyperacute Acute Chronic

Question 30

Hyperacute rejection

Answer 30

Immediate organ must be removed

Question 31

Acute rejection

Answer 31

1 week - 3 months | may be damage to the organ

Question 32

Chronic rejection

Answer 32

over time scarring develops | eventual death of organ

Question 33

Prednisone | Important Facts

Answer 33

Taper off meds! | They mask infection