Chapter 19 - Key Vocab Part 2

Question 1

Infiltrative

Answer 1

Extending beyond the normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues

Question 2

Invasive

Answer 2

Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

Question 3

Irradiation

Answer 3

Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays

Question 4

Linear accelerator

Answer 4

Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors

Question 5

Malignant tumor

Answer 5

Tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis

Question 6

Mesenchymal

Answer 6

Embryonic connective tissue

Question 7

Metastasis

Answer 7

Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site

Question 8

Microscopic description of tumors

Answer 8

Appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

1. Replication of cells
2. A stage in a cell’s life cycle that involves the production of two identical cells (daughter cells) from the parent cell

Question 10

Mixed-tissue tumors

Answer 10

Tumors composed of different types of tissue

Question 11

Modality

Answer 11

Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation

Question 12

Molecularly targeted drugs

Answer 12

Anti cancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells

Question 13

Morbidity

Answer 13

Condition of being unwell; deficient in normal function

Question 14

Mucinous

Answer 14

Containing mucus

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

1. Change in DNA

2. May be spontaneous or caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses

Question 16

Neoplasm

Answer 16

1. New growth

2. Benign or malignant tumors

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

Unit of DNA composed of sugar, phosphate, and a base

Question 18

Oncogene

Answer 18

Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that causes cancer

Question 19

Palliative

Answer 19

Relieving, but not curing symptoms

Question 20

Pedunculated

Answer 20

Possessing a stem or stalk

Question 21

Photon therapy

Answer 21

Radiation therapy using energy in the form of x-rays or gamma rays

Question 22

Protocol

Answer 22

Detailed plan for treatment of an illness

Question 23

Proton therapy

Answer 23

Use of protons produced by a cyclotron to deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body

Question 24

Radiation

Answer 24

Energy carried by a stream of particles

Question 25

Radiocurable tumor

Answer 25

Tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy

Question 26

Radioresistant tumor

Answer 26

Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed

Question 27

Radiosensitive tumor

Answer 27

Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue

Question 28

Radiosensitizers

Answer 28

Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

Question 29

Radiotherapy

Answer 29

Treatment of tumors using doses or radiation

Question 30

Relapse

Answer 30

Recurrence of tumor after treatment

Question 31

Remission

Answer 31

Partial or complete disappearances of symptoms of disease

Question 32

Ribonucleis acid (RNA)

Answer 32

1. Cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA | 2. Directs formation of a new protein inside cells

Question 33

Sarcoma

Answer 33

Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue

Question 34

Serous

Answer 34

Having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid

Question 35

Sessile

Answer 35

Having no stem

Question 36

Simulation

Answer 36

Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is given

Question 37

Solid tumor

Answer 37

Tumor composed of a mass of cells

Question 38

Staging of tumors

Answer 38

System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors

Question 39

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Answer 39

Delivery of dose of radiation under stereotactic guidance

Question 40

Steroids

Answer 40

Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol

Question 41

Surgical procedures to treat cancer

Answer 41

Methods of removing cancerous tissue

Question 42

Viral oncogenes

Answer 42

Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant

Question 43

Virus

Answer 43

Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to copy itself