chapter 19: Plants

Question 1

Plants are members of kingdom..?

Answer 1

Plantae

Question 2

What do plants provide for other species?

Answer 2

habitats and food

Question 3

Are plants multicellular?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 4

autotrophic

Question 5

what domain are plants in?

Answer 5

Eukarya

Question 6

What protist is the closest relative of plants?

Answer 6

Green algae

Question 7

What are Charophytes?

Answer 7

a group of modern green algae

They are most similar to the ancestors of plants

Question 8

what molecular features do plants and green algae have in common?

Answer 8

chloroplasts contain the same pigments, cell walls contain cellulose, and they both use starch as a storage molecule

Question 9

What are the differences between green algae and plants?

Answer 9

Green algae live in water

Question 10

Does environment affect body types and reproductive strategies?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Name the groups plants are divided in

Answer 11

Nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

Question 12

When did plants arose?

Answer 12

during the Paleozoic era

Question 13

adaptation to live on land for plants

Answer 13

leaves, vascular tissue, roots

Question 14

what does the cuticle do?

Answer 14

keeps leaves from drying out

Question 15

what does the stomata do?

Answer 15

it allows for gas exchanges

Question 16

vascular tissue

Answer 16

a bundle of tubes that transports water, minerals, and sugar throughout the plant

Question 17

what do roots do?

Answer 17

absorb water and minerals while anchoring the plant in the soil

Question 18

do plant gametes and zygotes both grow into adult organisms and reproduce?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

do all plants have similar life cycles, if so what does that mean evolution wise?

Answer 19

yes

it means that all plants have a shared common ancestor

Question 20

the plant life cycle is called…

Answer 20

alternation of generations

Question 21

during alternation of generations a multicellular [blank] stage alternates with a multicellular [blank] stage

Answer 21

diploid

haploid

Question 22

a fertilized egg forms a diploid [blank], which develops by [blank] cell division into multicellular [blank] plant called a…

Answer 22

zygote
mitotic
diploid
sporophyte

Question 23

the sporophyte plant produces [blank] spores by [blank]

Answer 23

haploid

meiosis

Question 24

spores divide by [blank] into multicellular, [haploid or diploid] [blank]

Answer 24

mitosis
haploid
gametophyte

Question 25

the [haploid or diploid] gametophyte produces [blank] by [blank]

Answer 25

haploid gametes mitosis

Question 26

the gametes fuse at [blank] forming a [haploid or diploid] [blank] and starting the cycle again

Answer 26

fertilization diploid zygote

Question 27

in simpler plants the gametophyte is [larger or smaller] and [more or less] dependent on the sporophyte. Is this true in complex plants or is the reverse true?

Answer 27

larger less reverse

Question 28

do seed plants produce pollen?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

does pollen contain the male gametophyte or the female?

Answer 29

male

Question 30

can pollination happen without water?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

do animals help the spread of pollen?

Answer 31

yes, often

Question 32

[blank] carry dormant plant embryos packaged with a food supply and protected from drying out. They can be dispersed long distances and remain dormant until conditions are favorable

Answer 32

seeds

Question 33

[blank] produce pollen and egg cells.

Answer 33

flowers

Question 34

[blank] develop after fertilization, to protect and disperse the plant offspring

Answer 34

fruits

Question 35

there are about 24000 existing species of [blank] or "nonvascular" plants

Answer 35

bryophytes

Question 36

mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are...

Answer 36

bryophytes

Question 37

[blank] are nonvascular and seedless

Answer 37

bryophytes

Question 38

the earliest plants probably resembled modern...

Answer 38

bryophytes

Question 39

why do bryophytes lack physical support?

Answer 39

because they lack vascular tissue and lignin

Question 40

what does lignin do?

Answer 40

strengthen the cell wall

Question 41

how do materials move from cell to cell in bryophytes?

Answer 41

diffusion and osmosis

Question 42

where do bryophytes live and why

Answer 42

moist shady habitats | so they don't dry out

Question 43

do bryophytes have a small sporophyte or a big one?

Answer 43

small

Question 44

do bryophyte sexual reproduction require water? If so, why?

Answer 44

yes because the sperm swims to the egg

Question 45

can bryophytes reproduce asexually?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

gemmae

Answer 46

small pieces of tissue that detach from the gametophyte and grow into new plants

Question 47

which plants are gemmae found

Answer 47

mosses and liverworts

Question 48

what do seedless vascular plants have that bryophytes do not?

Answer 48

true roots, stems, and leaves

Question 49

what advantage to seedless vascular plants have over bryophytes?

Answer 49

they can grow much taller, which gives them and edge in competing for sunlight

Question 50

the four groups of seedless vascular plants

Answer 50

club mosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and true ferns

Question 51

the earliest seedless vascular plants were probably ....

Answer 51

modern club mosses

Question 52

when did the first vascular plants originated

Answer 52

425 million years ago

Question 53

whisk ferns, horsetails, and true ferns first appeared...

Answer 53

375 million years ago

Question 54

do seedless vascular plant have a conspicuous sporophyte?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

where do the spores grow on seedless vascular plants?

Answer 55

the underside of leaves

Question 56

do seedless vascular plant require water for reproduction?

Answer 56

yes

Question 57

in gymnosperms and angiosperms, is the sporophyte more or less prominent that the gametophyte?

Answer 57

more

Question 58

"naked seed" plants

Answer 58

gymnosperms

Question 59

what new reproductive adaptation allowed gymnosperms to outcompete seedless vascular plants?

Answer 59

seeds

Question 60

[blank] were prevalent in the Mesozoic era, but many species are near extinction in the wild today. They have palmlike leaves and produce large cones

Answer 60

cycads

Question 61

Only one species exists today, and it no longer grows wild in nature. The [blank] tree has distinctive, fan-shaped leaves

Answer 61

ginkgo

Question 62

[blank] such as pine trees are familiar gymnosperms. Their leaves are needlelike and they produce egg cells and pollen in cones

Answer 62

conifers

Question 63

These gymnosperms have a mixture of traits that make them difficult to classify.

Answer 63

Gnetophytes

Question 64

where do gymnosperm sporophytes produce their spores?

Answer 64

in cones

Question 65

which type of gymnosperm sporophyte [male or female] produce microspores on cone scales?

Answer 65

male

Question 66

which type of gymnosperm sporophyte [male or female] produce megaspores on cone scales

Answer 66

females

Question 67

[blank] on female cone scales produce megaspores

Answer 67

ovules

Question 68

[blank] fametophytes are enclosed inside grains of pollen. Pollen can be dispersed by [blank] to settle on new plants

Answer 68

male | wind

Question 69

the tiny [blank] gametophytes stay in the cone, enclosed inside the [blank]

Answer 69

female | ovule

Question 70

does the fertilization of gymnosperms require water?

Answer 70

no

Question 71

gymnosperm zygotes stay inside [blank]

Answer 71

seeds

Question 72

[blank] have a tough outer coat and can be dispersed by wind or animals

Answer 72

gymnosperm seeds

Question 73

what happens to a seed when conditions are favorable?

Answer 73

they will germinate into seedlings, which develop into mature sporophyte trees

Question 74

[blank] have flowers and fruit

Answer 74

angiosperms

Question 75

95% of all living plant species are...

Answer 75

angiosperms

Question 76

Angiosperms produce pollen and egg cells in [blank], which develop into fruit after [blank]

Answer 76

flowers | fertilization

Question 77

97% of angiosperms are either [blank] or [blank]

Answer 77

eudicots | monocots

Question 78

basal angiosperms are a [blank] group

Answer 78

paraphyletic group

Question 79

[blank] have two cotyledons, which are the first leaves to emerge during germination. Their pollen grains have three pores.

Answer 79

eudicots

Question 80

roses, daisies, sunflowers, oak trees, beans, and the model organism arabidopsis

Answer 80

eudicots

Question 81

[blank] have one cotyledon. Their pollen grains have one pore

Answer 81

monocots

Question 82

orchids, lilies, grass, bananas, rice, wheat, and corn are examples of...

Answer 82

monocots

Question 83

[blank] are sporophyte reproductive structures in angiosperms

Answer 83

flowers

Question 84

[blank] have double fertilization

Answer 84

angiosperms