Chapter 19-Respiratory Tract Diseases

Question 1

List the parts of the (1) upper & (2) lower respiratory tract parts.

Answer 1

upper-mouth, nose, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx

lower-trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 2

Name the 3 natural defenses in respiratory tract.

Answer 2

primary-nasal hairs, silia, musuc
secondary-macrophages
tertiary-pathogen secretory IgA antibodies

Question 3

Explain about normal biota in RESP tract

Answer 3

1 mainly found in Upper resp tract
2 plays role in microbial antagonism
3 gram positive, strep, staphylococcus
4+some normal biota can be pathogenic 
5 yeast

Question 4

Most common type PHARYNGITIS

Answer 4

strep pyogenes; spread via droplet, direct contact

Question 5

Name characteristics of RHINITIS

Answer 5

common cold, caused by RSV

Question 6

SINUSTITIS caused by ___________ & treated w/ ___

Answer 6

various bacteria, virus, and fungi; broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 7

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA characteristics

Answer 7

when bacteria enters middle ear after upper respiratory infection. Caused by mix of bacteria and virus. Vaccines available: Prevnar & Hib

Question 8

DIPHTHERIA characteristics

Answer 8

CAUSED by Cornybacterium ciphthertiae. TRANSMITTED by droplet contact. VIRULENCE FACTOR: diphtheria toxin. PREVENTION: DTap vaccine TREATMENT: antitoxin + penicillin

Question 9

DIPHTHERIA characteristics

Answer 9

CAUSED by Corynebacterium diphthertiae. TRANSMITTED by droplet contact. VIRULENCE FACTOR: diphtheria toxin. PREVENTION: DTap vaccine TREATMENT: antitoxin + penicillin

Question 10

DIPHTHERIA characteristics

Answer 10

CAUSED by Corynebacterium diphtheria. TRANSMITTED by droplet contact. VIRULENCE FACTOR: diphtheria toxin. CULTURE: black colonies. PREVENTION: DTap vaccine TREATMENT: antitoxin + penicillin

Question 11

Name 2 bacteria that can cause PHARYNGITIS cases.

Answer 11

1 Fusobacterium necrophorum

2 Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 12

Name 2 bacteria that can cause PHARYNGITIS cases.

Answer 12

1 Fusobacterium necrophorum
2 Streptococcus pyogenes
++can cause Lemierre’s syndrome++

Question 13

Antigenic ______ is a mutation of glycoproteins, resulting in decreased ability of host memory cells. Ex. seasonal flu

Answer 13

Antigenic DRIFT

Question 14

Antigenic _______ occurs when RNA exchanges with different viral strains from two different host species.

Answer 14

Antigenic SHIFT

Question 15

Some Normal biota of RESP TRACT can be PATHOGENIC:

Answer 15

1 strep pyor, 2 Haemophilus influe, 3 strep pneumon, 4 Neisseria mening, 5 staph aureus and sometimes yeast

Question 16

Antigenic DRIFT=_________ Antigenic SHIFT=________

Answer 16

MUTATION, CHANGES FROM DIFFERENT HOST SPECIES

Question 17

Antigenic _______ occurs when RNA exchange between different viruses

Answer 17

Antigenic SHIFT

Question 18

Most common pharyngitis:

Answer 18

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 19

Pertussis (whooping cough) characteristics

Answer 19

+3 diagnosis stages (catarrhal, paroxysmal, recovery stage). VIRULENCE: pertussis toxin PREVENTION: DTaP vaccine

Question 20

RSV disease virulence factor:

Answer 20

“giant cell” (Synctitia) where all cells stick together, found in infants

Question 21

Tuberculosis characteristics

Answer 21

+3 types: primary, secondary, extra pulmonary (when issue spreads from lungs)
+transmitted airborne
+Multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) & Extensively-drug resistant (XDR-TB)
+noncompliance of patients is real issue; afraid TB will come back full force

Question 22

Name the types of pneumonia-

3 bacteria, 1 virus, 2 fungi

Answer 22

bacteria (s. pneum, l. species, m. pneum)
virus (hantavirus)
fungi (H. capsulatum, p. jiroveci)

Question 23

Nosocomial Pneumonia is caused by polymicrobial infections, involving 3 types of bacteria:

Answer 23

1 strep pneumonia
2 klebsiella pneumonia
3 anaerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria