Chapter 18-Cardio & Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Defense mechanism for CARDIOVASCULAR system

Answer 1

blood-borne components of nonspecific and specific immunity-includes phagocytes, specific immunity; NO NORMAL BIOTA

Question 2

Defense mechanisms for LYMPHATIC system

Answer 2

numerous immune defenses reside here; NO NORMAL BIOTA

Question 3

Functions of cardio/lymphatic systems

Answer 3

provide tissue with oxygen/nutrients

carry away carbon dioxide and waste

Question 4

Anatomy of lymphatic system

Answer 4

1 lymph vessels parallel blood vessels
2 lymph nodes cluster at sites (neck, groin, etc)
3 spleen

Question 5

Carries oxygenated blood away from heart

Answer 5

arteries

Question 6

carries deoxygenated blood back to heart

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

smallest blood vessels; have 1 layer epithelium

Answer 7

capillaries

Question 8

Lymphatic defenses

Answer 8

1 few microbes that can survive in blood

2 leukocytes, lymphocytes, phagocytes

Question 9

Name causative agent of malaria.

Answer 9

plasmodium species

Question 10

virulence factor of malaria

Answer 10

multiple life stages, multiple antigenic types, ability to scavenge glucose

Question 11

prevention of malaria

Answer 11

mosquito control, bed nets, THERE IS NO VACCINE

Question 12

transmission of malaria

Answer 12

by mosquito

Question 13

symptoms of HIV

Answer 13

1 levels of virus in blood

2 levels of T cells in blood

Question 14

initial symptoms of HIV

Answer 14

1 fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological changes

2 opportunistic infections or neo plasmas (cancer)

Question 15

HIV transmisson

Answer 15

direct (sexual) contact, parenteral (blood-borne), vertical (mom to baby via breast milk)

Question 16

HIV culture

Answer 16

initial screening for antibody followed Western blot confirmation test

Question 17

HIV treatment

Answer 17

HAART, Fluzeon, nonnucleitide RT inhibitors

Question 18

epidemiology of MALARIA

Answer 18

1- spread by Anopheles mosquitos
2- 90% of cases are in Africa
2- 2 million are killed annually, mostly kids

Question 19

epidemiology of AIDS

Answer 19

25 million people have died world wide
++for every 2 people receiving treatment, 5 new patients are being diagnosed… this means that the # of new infections is growing faster than we have access to drugs to treat them++

Question 20

B/c symptoms of AIDs not easily seen, it _______

Answer 20

increases the chance of the disease being spread

Question 21

SEPTICEMIA caused by

Answer 21

bacteria or fungi

Question 22

SEPTICEMIA transmitted via

Answer 22

parenteral, endogenous transfer

Question 23

SEPTICEMIA culture done via

Answer 23

blood culture

Question 24

SEPTICEMIA treatment

Answer 24

broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 25

HEMORRHAGIC/NONHEMORRHAGIC diseases is ___

Answer 25

bleeding inside the skin, from the inside out.

Question 26

HEMORRHAGIC causative agent

Answer 26

ebola (results in quick death)

Question 27

LASSA fever distinctive features

Answer 27

chest pain, deafness

Question 28

List 5 HEMORRHAGIC fevers

Answer 28

``` 1yellow fever 2dengue fever 3chikungunya 4ebola/Marburg 5lassa fever ```

Question 29

List 5 NON-HEMORRHAGIC fevers

Answer 29

1 brucellosis 2 q fever 3 cat-scratch diseases 4 rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 30

List 5 HEMORRHAGIC fevers

Answer 30

``` 1yellow fever 2dengue fever 3chikungunya 4ebola/Marburg 5lassa fever ++high fever++ (all caused by bacteria) ```

Question 31

List 5 NON-HEMORRHAGIC fevers

Answer 31

``` 1 brucellosis 2 q fever 3 cat-scratch diseases 4 rocky mountain spotted fever (all caused by a bacteria) ```

Question 32

List the 3 types of anthrax.

Answer 32

1 cutaneous anthrax 2 pulmonary anthrax 3 anthrax meningitis

Question 33

Causative agent of PLAGUE

Answer 33

Yersinia pestis

Question 34

Transmission of PLAGUE

Answer 34

vector, biological

Question 35

TULARMIA transmission

Answer 35

vector, direct contact w/ animal body fluids "rabbit disease"

Question 36

LYME DISEASE causative agent

Answer 36

broelia bus

Question 37

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS distinctive features

Answer 37

"kissing disease" mostly found in teenagers

Question 38

3 types of ANTHRAX

Answer 38

1 cutaneous 2 pulmonary 3 anthrax meningitis

Question 39

What makes ANTHRAX good agent for bioterrorism?

Answer 39

1 gram positive endospore forming 2 largest pathogen 3 habitant is in soil 4 easily dispersed via dust