Chapter 19 - Skin

Question 1

What type of cells secrete melanin and filter UV light?

Answer 1

melanocytes

Question 2

outer most layer of skin that contains keratin

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

middle layer of skin that contain glands, blood vessels, and receptors

Answer 3

dermis

Question 4

deepest later of skin that has oil glands, hair follicles, and a layer of fat?

Answer 4

hypodermis

Question 5

bottom layer of the epidermis that has the cells that weather proof the skin? (keratinocytes)

Answer 5

stratum basale

Question 6

what is the turnover of the epidermis layer of skin?

Answer 6

28 days

Question 7

what is pruritis?

Answer 7

itchy skin

Question 8

what is exanthem?

Answer 8

rash

Question 9

what virus causes chickenpox and shingles

Answer 9

varicella zoster virus

Question 10

symptoms of chickenpox/shingles

Answer 10

painful vesicles on skin

Question 11

what is the main cause of warts?

Answer 11

100 different strains of HPV

Question 12

are warts contagious?

Answer 12

yes - via direct contact

Question 13

what is impetigo

Answer 13

bacterial lesion of skin that is fluid-filled and itchy

Question 14

main cause of impetigo

Answer 14

bacteria - streptococci or staphylococcus

Question 15

treatment for impetigo

Answer 15

antibiotics

Question 16

predisposing factors of impetigo

Answer 16

stress in the host

Question 17

dermatophytosis

Answer 17

fungal infection of skin, nails, and hair in which the fungus eats the keratin

Question 18

where is dermatophytosis located? (which layer of skin?)

Answer 18

epidermis

Question 19

tinea corporis

Answer 19

ringworm (fungal infection)

Question 20

tinea capitis

Answer 20

fungal infection on head

Question 21

tinea unguium

Answer 21

fungal infection of nails (thick, soft, discolored)

Question 22

tinea pedis

Answer 22

athlete’s feet (fungal infection)

Question 23

signs/symptoms of tinea

Answer 23

red, raised, scaly, itchy lesions on skin

Question 24

is tinea contagious?

Answer 24

yes - thrives in warm, moist areas and injured skin is more vulnerable

Question 25

what is acne characterized by the presence of?

Answer 25

comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)

Question 26

cause of acne

Answer 26

hair follicles and gland ducts plugged with lipids and keratin (oil) Bacteria then enters Ruptures Inflammation

Question 27

treatment for acne

Answer 27

topical/oral antibiotics topical/oral retinoids (vitamin A) corticosteroids

Question 28

dermatitis

Answer 28

inflammation of dermis

Question 29

4 causes of dermatitis

Answer 29

-atopic (allergy - eczema) -contact (poison ivy) -seborrheic (sebaceous glands) -psoriasis (dysfunctional immune system)

Question 30

atopic dermatitis is also known as?

Answer 30

eczema

Question 31

what is eczema most influenced by?

Answer 31

environmental factors

Question 32

eczema is most common in people have other manifestations of?

Answer 32

atopy (allergy)

Question 33

will eczema spread?

Answer 33

no - but does come with severe itching

Question 34

psoriasis

Answer 34

chronic inflammatory disease where immune system isn't functioning right

Question 35

psoriasis is characterized by?

Answer 35

thick areas of skin with silver-colored scales

Question 36

treatment for psoriasis

Answer 36

anti-inflammatory ointment UVB light immunosuppressants

Question 37

vitiligo

Answer 37

patches of area with zero melanin

Question 38

albinism

Answer 38

absolutely no melanin in body, no pigment

Question 39

freckle

Answer 39

increased sensitivity of melanocytes

Question 40

lentigo

Answer 40

hyperplasia (increase number) of melanocytes in an area that causes hyperpigmentation

Question 41

melanocytic nevi

Answer 41

moles (benign tumors of melanocytes)

Question 42

what are moles causes by?

Answer 42

benign proliferation of melanocytes

Question 43

can moles become malignant?

Answer 43

yes but most are harmless

Question 44

ABCDE

Answer 44

asymmetry border color diameter evolving

Question 45

what is the most common type of skin cancer?

Answer 45

basal cell carcinoma

Question 46

what is the most dangerous, but less common type of skin cancer?

Answer 46

melanoma

Question 47

main risk factor for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 47

sun exposure

Question 48

if a basal cell carcinoma is allowed to grow it can..

Answer 48

interfere with function (affect nerves)

Question 49

what is a neoplasm of melanocytes?

Answer 49

melanoma

Question 50

why is melanoma so dangerous?

Answer 50

it metastasizes early and doesn't respond well to chemotherapy

Question 51

melanoma is more common with ...

Answer 51

blistering sunburns compared to cumulative exposures

Question 52

is melanoma only in the skin?

Answer 52

no, it can be other areas like the eye

Question 53

alopecia

Answer 53

abnormal hair loss

Question 54

alopecia areata

Answer 54

autoimmune disease resulting in patchy hair loss

Question 55

senescent alopecia

Answer 55

hair loss due to old age

Question 56

androgenetic alopecia

Answer 56

male pattern baldness from hormones or genetic predisposition

Question 57

photoaging

Answer 57

changes in skin over time

Question 58

what is photoaging characterized by?

Answer 58

wrinkles, sagging, telangiectasia, rough texture, and irregular hyperpigmentation

Question 59

main cause of extrinsic/photoaging?

Answer 59

ultraviolet radiation

Question 60

two types of UVR

Answer 60

UVA and UVB

Question 61

what layer does UVA light penetrate to?

Answer 61

dermis (2nd layer) -- also promotes photoaging and tanning

Question 62

what layer does UVB light penetrate to?

Answer 62

epidermis (usually from sunburn - promotes photocarcinogenesis)

Question 63

the majority of skin-related changes are due to alterations in which layer of skin?

Answer 63

dermis

Question 64

etiology of age-related changed in skin (3)

Answer 64

-decrease # and function of fibroblasts -degradation of elastin and collagen -decreased density of cells and blood vessels

Question 65

1st degree burn

Answer 65

damages to epidermis (light sunburn)

Question 66

2nd degree burn

Answer 66

damage to dermis (severe sunburn and chemical burn)

Question 67

3rd degree burn

Answer 67

damage to hypodermis (severe burns, but least painful)

Question 68

skin loss/damage results in --

Answer 68

fluid loss and infection (requires care in burn unit)