Chapter 19.2 Flashcards
Infrastructure
A type of physical capital, used for the functioning of an economy
Barriers to infrastructure development
Problems of financing
Inadequate maintenance and poor quality
Limited access by the poor
Misallocation of resources
Neglect of the environment
Appropriate technology
Technologies that are well-suited to particular economic, geographical, ecological and climate conditions
Labor-using technology
Technologies that use more labor in relation to capital, resulting in increases in local employment, incomes, and saves on the use of foreign exchange
Capital-using technology
Technologies that use more capital in relation to labor, increasing unemployment, requires skill levels and potentially foreign exchange for imports
Barriers to education
Insufficient funding for education
Insufficient teachers or untrained teachers
Insufficient classrooms and basic facilities
Lack of teaching materials
Children with disabilities are excluded
Gender discrimination
Conflict or risk of conflict
Distance of school from home
Hunger and malnutrition
Inability to pay for education
Barriers to achieving good health
Insufficient funding for health care
Insufficient access to health care services
Private payments for health care
Geographical access
Insufficient numbers of trained medical practitioners
Insufficient medical facilities and medical supplies
Acceptability of modern medical practices
Insufficient access to clean water and sanitation
Tariff barriers that developing countries may face
Products of interest face relatively high barriers
Use of tariffs to discourage the development of manufacturing and diversification
Negative consequences of developed country farm support in developing countries
Global misallocation of resources
Global inefficiency
Lower export earnings for developing countries
Increased poverty among affected farmers
Informal economy
Economic activities that are unregistered and legally unregulated
