Chapter 1C: Weather Basics (Meteorology)

Question 1

Earth-Sun relationship

______________: electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun

Answer 1

Solar Radiation

Question 2

Earth-Sun relationship

rate at which solar radiation reaches the upper limits of earth atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation and at earth’s mean distance from the sun

Common value = _____________

Answer 2

Solar Constant, 1,374 W/m2

Question 3

Earth-Sun relationship

___% of solar energy is absorbed by land and ocean.

some are absorbed and reflected by clouds and atmosphere.

Answer 3

51

Question 4

Earth-Sun relationship

_______________ = “short” wavelengths (range 0.1 to 4.0 μm)

____________________ = “long” wavelengths (4.0 to 50 μm)

Answer 4

Solar radiation, Terrestrial radiation

Question 5

Earth-Sun relationship

percent of the incoming solar radiation that is reflected from a surface.

higher albedo = less heat, mostly on white colors

Answer 5

Albedo

Question 6

Earth-Sun relationship

___________________: affects the solar radiation received at any location and time

a. ______________ - when the sun is farthest from the earth (occurs about July 4)

b. _____________ - when the sun is nearest from the earth (occurs about January 3)

Answer 6

Sun-Earth Geometry
a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion

Question 7

Earth-Sun relationship

____________ when the sun’s apparent path is displaced farthest north (Tropic of Cancer) or south (Tropic of Capricorn) from the earth’s equator.

a. _________ Solstice - north pole faces the sun, more sunlight sa northern hemisphere.
b. __________ Solstice -south pole faces the sun.

Answer 7

Solstice
a. Summer
b. Winter

Question 8

Earth-Sun relationship

when the sun passes directly over the equator or when the sun’s apparent path and plane of the earth’s equator coincide.

a. ___________ Equinox:
on or about March 21
b. ____________ Equinox:
on or about September 22

Answer 8

Equinox
a. Vernal
b. Autumnal

Question 9

Earth-Sun relationship

_________________: occur because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis keeps a constant as the Earth revolves around the Sun.

a. Summer in Northern Hemisphere
b. Winter in Southern Hemisphere

Answer 9

Seasons

Question 10

Atmospheric Parameters

Weather becomes stormy when air pressure falls and becomes fair when air pressure rises.

What is this about?

Answer 10

Pressure

Question 11

Atmospheric Parameters

instrument used to measure pressure

Answer 11

Barometer

Question 12

Atmospheric Parameters

amount of heat energy possessed by an object

degree of hotness or coldness of an object

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

Atmospheric Parameters

Units of temperature in metric, english, and universal

Answer 13

Celcius, Farenheit, and Kelvin

Question 14

Atmospheric Parameters

amount of water vapor in the air.

Answer 14

Humidity

Question 15

Atmospheric Parameters

measures the amount of water in the air in relation to the maximum amount of water vapor (moisture). The higher the temperature, the more water vapor the air can hold.

Answer 15

Relative Humidity

Question 16

Atmospheric Parameters

Explain the local atmospheric circulation/cycle.

Answer 16

1. Warm air rises and becomes cool.
2. Maaarawan yung cool air then iinit.
3. Warm air meets cool air then formation ng clouds with thunderstorms.

Question 17

Atmospheric Parameters

Give 2 types of breezes

Answer 17

Sea and Land breezes

Question 18

Atmospheric Parameters (Air Circulation)

Air would rise near the equator and travel in the upper atmosphere toward the poles, then cool, descend into the lower atmosphere, and return toward the equator.

Answer 18

Hadley Circulation

Question 19

Atmospheric Parameters

produces the changes in wind direction and velocity towards the equator.

yung tradewinds laging asymptotic papuntang equator from northern and southern hemisphere.

Answer 19

Coriolis effect

Question 20

Atmospheric Parameters

Explain Coriolis effect

Answer 20

Yung tradewinds pupunta sila sa equator and since equator receives most of the solar energy, nagiging warm yung air, magra-rise, then meets the cold air, forming clouds.

Question 21

Give 7 Climatic Controls.

Answer 21

1. Topography and location
2. Trade winds
3. Fronts
4. Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
5. Monsoonwinds
6. Tropical cyclones
7. Easterly waves

Question 22

Climatic Controls (Topography and location)

Explain the 4 types of climates.

Answer 22

Type 1: experiences 2 seasons, dry and wet.

Type 2: No dry season and madalas natatamaan ng bagyo.

Type 3: Similar to type 1 pero ‘di ganun katagal yung dry season.

Type 4: Similar to type 2 pero may evenly distributed rain at may dry season.

Question 23

Climatic Controls

a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.

Answer 23

ITCZ, Intertropical Convergence Zone

Question 24

Climatic Controls

Explain ITCZ.

Answer 24

yung mga low pressure area ay nagla-line up sa belt then circulates, creating clouds/cyclones.

Question 25

Climatic Controls general term for a weather system in which winds rotate inwardly to an area of low atmospheric pressure. a. _____________________ direction in the Northern Hemisphere b. ____________ direction in the Southern Hemisphere .

Answer 25

Cyclone a. counterclockwise b. clockwise

Question 26

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Enumerate the 5 Tropical Cyclone Classifications.

Answer 26

1. Tropical Depression 2. Tropical Storm 3. Severe Tropical Storm 4. Typhoon 5. Super Typhoon

Question 27

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Explain the 5 PAGASA's Revised Storm Warning System.

Answer 27

1. Signal No. 1 - 30-60 kph winds in the next 24 hours. 2. Signal No. 2 - 61-120 kph winds in the next 24 hours. 3. Signal No. 3 - 121-170 kph winds in the next 18 hours. 4. Signal No. 4 - 171-220 kph winds in the next 12 hours. 5. Signal No. 5 - 171-220 kph winds in the next 12 hours.

Question 28

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ is an area where the wind and rain are lightest.

Answer 28

Eye

Question 29

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ is an area of heaviest rain and strongest wind speeds.

Answer 29

Eye wall

Question 30

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Based on the basic tropical cyclone structure, _____ it's the tail of the cyclone.

Answer 30

Spiral rain bands

Question 31

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Differentiate the Tropical Cyclone Warning System Signals (TCWS)

Answer 31

check pdf.

Question 32

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Differentiate the Thunderstorm Warning System (TSTM-WS)

Answer 32

check pdf.

Question 33

Climatic Controls (Tropical cyclones) Differentiate the Heavy rainfall warning (HR-WS)

Answer 33

check pdf.

Question 34

Climatic Controls a. North Atlantic Ocean, central North Pacific Ocean, and eastern North Pacific Ocean = “___________” b. Northwest Pacific Ocean = “___________” c. South Pacific and Indian Ocean = “____________“

Answer 34

a. Hurricane b. Typhoon c. Tropical Cyclone

Question 35

Climatic Controls What type of storm does the Philippines experience the most?

Answer 35

Tropical Cyclone from South Pacific Ocean, but sometimes typhoon from North Pacific Ocean.

Question 36

Climatic Controls transition/meeting between two different air masses at the Earth's surface.

Answer 36

Front

Question 37

Climatic Controls (Front) Give 4 types of front.

Answer 37

1. Cold Front 2. Warm Front 3. Occluded Front 4. Stationary Front

Question 38

Climatic Controls “__________-” or Southwest Monsoon * Summer Monsoon * Hot and Moist wind from Indian Ocean which may strengthen tropical cyclone * Brings rain over the western seaboard * May to September

Answer 38

Habagat

Question 39

Climatic Controls “_________” or Northeast Monsoon * Winter monsoon * Dry and cold wind from Siberia which may weaken tropical cyclones Brings rain over the eastern seaboard * October to March

Answer 39

Amihan

Question 40

Climatic Controls a westward-moving, wavelike disturbance of low atmospheric pressure embedded in tropical easterly winds. may circulation sa atmosphere and that circulation interact with warm air and low pressure, creating clouds and precipitation.

Answer 40

Easterly Waves