Chapter 2

Question 1

Is bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Question 2

Define methanogen

Answer 2

Bacteria that converts hydrogen and methane for energy. Found in swamps

Question 3

Define thermophile

Answer 3

Bacteria that lives under extremely hot conditions

Question 4

Define psychrophile

Answer 4

Bacteria that lives under extremely cold conditons

Question 5

Define halophile

Answer 5

Bacteria that live in salty conditions

Question 6

Relationships that benefit both organisms

Answer 6

Mutualism

Question 7

Describe the structure of bacteria

Answer 7

Organelles are not bound, plasmids (genetic dna) are either one or more.

Question 8

Define coccus

Answer 8

Ball shape

Question 9

Define bacillus

Answer 9

Rod shape

Question 10

Define spirillum

Answer 10

Spiral shape

Question 11

Define Diplo

Answer 11

pairs of cells

Question 12

Define strepto

Answer 12

chains of cells

Question 13

Define staphylo

Answer 13

cluster of cells

Question 14

What is conjugation

Answer 14

sexual reproduction of bacteria by passing a plasmid to another bacteria through a pilus

Question 15

How do you treat bacterial infections

Answer 15

Antibiotics

Question 16

Describe the shape of a virus

Answer 16

Capsid (protein shell), nucleic acid, some have envelope’s (part of a cell)

Question 17

What is the lytic stage

Answer 17

Active stage of virus

Question 18

What is the lysogenic stage

Answer 18

Dormant stage of virus

Question 19

How to treat viruses

Answer 19

Use vaccines, weakened form of virus injected to increase immunity to virus. Antibodies are stored for this virus.

Question 20

Describe the lytic cycle

Answer 20

1. Attaches to cell
2. Virus enters cell, inject RNA/DNA
3. Formation of new virus parts
4. Assembly of new virus
5. Release

Question 21

What is a protist

Answer 21

Eukaryotes that not fungi, plants, animals or bacteria

Question 22

Name the three types of protists and a unique quality

Answer 22

1. Plant-like protists contain chlorophyll and are autotrophic
2. Protozoa can move and are heterotrophic
3. Fungi-like protists secrete slime and decompose.

Question 23

Name a representative species for each protist

Answer 23

1. Algae
2. Amoeba
3. Water mold

Question 24

Define bryophites and major adaptation

Answer 24

mosses, contain rhizoids (primitive roots)

Question 25

Define lyctophytes and pterophytes

Answer 25

ferns, contain xylem and phloem (for transporting nutrients and water)

Question 26

Define gymnosperms

Answer 26

conifers, contain cuticle (hard waxy coating that retains water)

Question 27

Define angiosperms

Answer 27

flower growing plants, contain flower with pollen for reproduction

Question 28

What is a stomata

Answer 28

regulates gas exchange and retains water

Question 29

What is a frond

Answer 29

a fern leaf

Question 30

What are hyphae

Answer 30

Treads of roots of fungi

Question 31

What is mycelium

Answer 31

Collection of hypae

Question 32

What are cell walls of fungi made of

Answer 32

chitin

Question 33

Dikaryoitc cell

Answer 33

a cell formed by fusing two hyphae and has two nuclei.

Question 34

What is the reproductive structure

Answer 34

the apparent fungus, the rest of body is mycelium and hyphae

Question 35

How do fungi reproduce

Answer 35

Asexually by budding and sexually, sexually by forming a dikaryotic cell from spores

Question 36

Characteristics of animals

Answer 36

motile, eukaryotic, heterotrophs and has nervous system

Question 37

State types of symmetry

Answer 37

radial and bilateral

Question 38

What is cephalization

Answer 38

The bundle of nerves that create a head

Question 39

What is coelom

Answer 39

The fluid field space reserved for internal organs

Question 40

List all the invertebrate phylums

Answer 40

1. Porifera 2. Cnidera 3. Worms 4. Mollusks 5. Echinoderms 6. Arthropoda

Question 41

What is metamorphasis

Answer 41

The transformation from one species to another like tadpole to frog

Question 42

What is an amniotic egg

Answer 42

eggs that can be laid on dry land.

Question 43

Development of heart

Answer 43

Amphibians-Three chambered heart Reptiles- 3 chambered heart (septated) Birds- 4 chambered heart Mammal- 4 chambered heart

Question 44

Development of lungs

Answer 44

Amphibians- breath through skin, primitive lungs Reptile-Internal folding Birds- lungs with air sacs Mammal- lungs with air sacs