Chapter 2

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

colloidal material which surrounds cellular organelles

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

made of microtubules and microfilaments, used for support

Question 3

Smooth E.R.

Answer 3

site of lipid synthesis

Question 4

Rough E.R.

Answer 4

site of protein synthesis

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

site of ATP synthesis and cell respiration

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

site of photosynthesis

Question 7

Centrioles

Answer 7

organize spindle fibers, located in centrosome

Question 8

Spindle Fibers

Answer 8

composed of microtubules, moves chromosomes

Question 9

Metacentric

Answer 9

centromere at middle

Question 10

Submetacentric

Answer 10

centromere between middle and end

Question 11

Acrocentric

Answer 11

centromere close to end

Question 12

Telocentric

Answer 12

centromere at end

Question 13

Karyokinesis

Answer 13

genetic material divided into two daughter cells during nuclear division

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

cytoplasmic division

Question 15

Cell Cycle

Answer 15

continuous alternation between division and non division of cells

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

longest part of cell cycle where cell grows and DNA replication occurs

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

chromosomes condense, centrioles move to cell ends, and nucleolus disintegrates

Question 18

Sister Chromatids

Answer 18

two parts of each chromosome connected by centromere

Question 19

Prometaphase

Answer 19

chromosomes move towards middle

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

Question 21

Cohesin

Answer 21

holds sister chromatids together

Question 22

Separase

Answer 22

degrade cohesion

Question 23

Shugoshin

Answer 23

prevents degradation of cohesion

Question 24

Anaphase

Answer 24

sister chromatids separate (disjunction) and move to poles

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

cytokinesis divides, chromosomes become chromatin again

Question 26

Kinases

Answer 26

enzyme products of mutated genes

Question 27

Cyclins

Answer 27

proteins that bind with kinases and activate them at appropriate times

Question 28

Crossing over

Answer 28

occurs in prophase I, increases genetic variation

Question 29

Synapsis

Answer 29

pairing of homologous chromosomes in prophase I

Question 30

Bivalent

Answer 30

each synapsed pair of homologs

Question 31

Terminal Chiasmata

Answer 31

hold non sister chromatids together

Question 32

Meiosis I

Answer 32

reductional division

Question 33

Meiosis II

Answer 33

equational division

Question 34

Spermatogenesis

Answer 34

spermatogonium cell to primary spermatocyte, meiotic division to two secondary spermatocyte, then to 4 spermatids

Question 35

Oogenesis

Answer 35

oogonium cell to primary oocyte, meiotic division to polar body and primary oocyte, then ootid and second polar body ( one egg )