Chapter 2

Question 1

Retinal ganglion cells

Answer 1

Retinal cells that give the output of the retina

Question 2

Retinopy

Answer 2

The notion that there is mapping between the receptor cells in the retina and points in the surface of the visual cortex

Question 3

Receptive field

Answer 3

The region in which light influences the activity of a particular neuron.

Question 4

Lateral inhibition

Answer 4

Reduction of activity in one neuron caused by activity in a neighboring neuron

Question 5

Achromatopsia

Answer 5

A condition caused by brain damage in which there is very limited color perception but form and motion perception are intact

Question 6

Akinetopsia

Answer 6

A brain-damaged condition in which morion lerception is damaged, but still perception is decent.

Question 7

Ventral stream

Answer 7

The part of the visual processing system involved in objects perception a d recognition and the formationif perceptual representations.

Question 8

Dorsal stream

Answer 8

The partnof the visual processing system most involved in visually guided action

Question 9

Allocentric stream

Answer 9

Visual or spacial coding of objects relative to each other

Question 10

Egocentric coding

Answer 10

Visual or spatial coding dependent on the position of the observers body

Question 11

Optic ataxia

Answer 11

A condition in which there are problems making visually guided movements in spite if reasonably intact visual perception

Question 12

Visual form agnosia

Answer 12

A condition in which there are severe problems in shape perception

Question 13

Hollow face illusion

Answer 13

A concave face masj is perceived as normal from far away

Question 14

Proprioception

Answer 14

An individual’s awareness if the position and orientation of parts of their body

Question 15

Dichromacy

Answer 15

A deficiency in color vision where one color is missing

Question 16

Negative Afterimages

Answer 16

The illusory perception of the complementary colour to the one that has just been ixated; green is the complementary colour to red and blue is complementary to yellow.

Question 17

Color constancy

Answer 17

Colour constancy The tendency for an object to be perceived as having the same colour under widely varying viewing conditions.

Question 18

Illuminant

Answer 18

A source of light illuminating a surface or object.

Question 19

Mutual illumination

Answer 19

The light relected from the surface of an object impinges on the surface of a second object.

Question 20

Chromatic adaptation

Answer 20

Changes in thr visual sensitivity to color stimuli when illumination alters

Question 21

Monocular cues

Answer 21

Cues to depth that can be used by one eye but can also be used by both eyes together.

Question 22

Binocular cues

Answer 22

Cues to depth that require both eyes to be used together.

Question 23

Oculomotor cues

Answer 23

Cues to depth produced by muscular contractions of the muscles around the eye; use of such cues involves kinaesthesia (also known as the muscle sense).

Question 24

Texture gradient

Answer 24

The rate of change of texture density from the

front to the back of a slanting object.

Question 25

Motion parallax

Answer 25

Depth cue based on movement in one part of the retinal image relative to another

Question 26

Binocular disparity

Answer 26

A depth cue based on the slight disparity in the two retinal images when an observer views a scene; it is the basis for stereopsis.

Question 27

Stereopsis

Answer 27

Depth perception based on the small discrepancy in the two retinal images when a visual scene is observed (binocular disparity).

Question 28

Autostereogram

Answer 28

A complex two- dimensional image perceived as three- dimensional when not focused on for a period of time.

Question 29

Amblyopia

Answer 29

A condition in which one eye sends an inadequate input to the visual cortex; colloquially known as lazy eye.

Question 30

Vergence

Answer 30

cue to depth based on the inward focus of the eyes with close objects.

Question 31

Accomidation

Answer 31

depth cue based on changes in optical power produced by thickening of the eye’s lens when an observer focuses on close objects.

Question 32

Haptic

Answer 32

Sense of touch

Question 33

Size constancy

Answer 33

Objects are perceived to have a given size regardless of the size of the retinal image.

Question 34

Ames room

Answer 34

A very distorted room that nevertheless looks normal under certain viewing conditions.

Question 35

Honi phenomenon

Answer 35

The typical apparent size changes when an individual walks along the rear wall of the Ames room are reduced when female observers view a man to whom they are very close emotionally.

Question 36

Open-object illusuion

Answer 36

The misperception that objects with missing boundaries are larger than objects the same size without missing boundaries.

Question 37

Body size effect

Answer 37

An illusion in which misperception of one’s own bodily size causes the perceived size of objects to be misjudged.

Question 38

Subliminal perception

Answer 38

Perceptual processing occurring below the level of conscious awareness that can nevertheless inluence behaviour.

Question 39

Blindsight

Answer 39

The ability to respond appropriately to visual stimuli in the absence of concious visual experience in patients with damage ti the primary visual cortex