Chapter 2

Question 1

A concept, for example temperature and weight

Answer 1

Construct

Question 2

When a construct is not directly observable, observable measures representing the actual
construct are substituted

Answer 2

Indicators

Question 3

The process of selecting an indicator(s) of a construct is called ___________

Answer 3

operatizing

Question 4

How an indicator is defined for measurement is its ________

Answer 4

operational definition

Question 5

Concepts such as “workplace violence” have several distinct subdimensions
or subconstucts are ________

Answer 5

multi-dimensional

Question 6

characteristics or measures that can be several possible values (as opposed to constants which have only one possible value such as the speed of light sans gravity).

Answer 6

Variables

Question 7

A variable’s set of possible values is called its

Answer 7

range

Question 8

Variables that only have one value, for example weight, sex, body temp

Answer 8

Single-valued

Question 9

variables that have multiple values, for example, race, majors

Answer 9

multi-valued

Question 10

type of variables that can be any value in their range, for example, the temperature can be 70, 70.5, 81.6, depending on precise measurement

Answer 10

Continuous variable

Question 11

type of variables that can only be specific values in a variable’s range, for example, school range, 1st - 12th grade (no 1.5 grades)

Answer 11

Discrete variables

Question 12

Variables that can only be one of two possible values are often called indicator variables and can also be called

Answer 12

dichotomous or dummy variables

Question 13

• the variable characteristic that has values that can be ranked and/or their differences calculated
• can be discrete or continuous

Answer 13

Quantitative

Question 14

• variable characteristic that can only be categorized

* always discrete

Answer 14

Qualitative

Question 15

common in academic research to represent abstract constructs that are not directly observable or measurable.

Answer 15

latent variable

Question 16

how much quantitative information the variable provides for analysis.

Answer 16

level of measurement

Question 17

Four levels of measurement in rank order

Answer 17

1. nominal
2. ordinal
3. interval
4. ration

Question 18

• Level of measure that can only be classified
• discrete and qualitative
• usually single-valued

Answer 18

nominal variable

Question 19

• Level of measurement of a variable that can be classified but can also be ranked, for example, a letter grade in a class
• always discrete and quantitative

Answer 19

ordinal variable

Question 20

• Level of measurement of a variable that can be classified, ranked, the difference between values can be calculated, and the differences between values are consistent but it does not have a true, absolute zero
• the difference between values are always equal

Answer 20

Interval variable

Question 21

• Level of measurement of a variable that includes interval variables but has a true, absolute, non-arbitrary zero.

Answer 21

ratio variable

Question 22

The combination of indicators into a single measure for a construct

Answer 22

composite measure

Question 23

the two types of composite measures often called measurement instruments

Answer 23

Index and scales

Question 24

presume indicators are separate components that together form the concept, for example, the many components of job satisfaction

Answer 24

index

Question 25

composite measure where the indicators are seen as causing the construct

Answer 25

formative constructs

Question 26

a composite measure that presumes indicators are reflections of a concept

Answer 26

scales

Question 27

composite measure where the construct is seen as causing the construct and the indicators reflect its variation

Answer 27

reflective constructs

Question 28

The field that concerns the development and testing of composite measures in psychology and education.

Answer 28

psychometrics

Question 29

indicators that are simple yes/no type items denoting the existence of an attribute or event

Answer 29

indexes

Question 30

Type statistics that provide summary information organizing and describing the data whether a sample or population

Answer 30

Descriptive

Question 31

Type of statistics that use sample data to infer the value of an attribute or relationship in a full population.

Answer 31

Inferential

Question 32

Descriptive and inferential statistics can be divided by the number of variables they entail.

Answer 32

Univariate involves one, bivariate two, and multivariate statistics include three or more variables.

Question 33

Most common bivariate descriptive technique which provides a crosstabulation of the frequencies for two variables simultaneously "crosstabs"

Answer 33

contingency table

Question 34

variables that are seen as affecting, or causing, others

Answer 34

independent variables

Question 35

Variables that are being affected

Answer 35

dependent variables

Question 36

Variables that are not affected by any others but are seen as causing one or more are

Answer 36

exogenous

Question 37

Variables that have at least one variable affecting it are

Answer 37

endogenous