chapter 2

Question 0

aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 0

• fats

- three groups: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Question 1

hydrocarbon

Answer 1

organic compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

hydrocarbons in which all bonds are single

ex. ethane (C2H6)

Question 3

alkenes

Answer 3

contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond

ex. ethylene (C2H4)

Question 4

alkynes

Answer 4

contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

ex. acetylene (C2H2)

Question 5

aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 5

• oils
• arenes
  ex. benzene (C6H6) - ring

Question 6

sigma bond

Answer 6

• a bond in which orbitals overlap along a line connecting the atoms (the inter-nuclear axis)
• electron distribution is cylindrically symmetrical

Question 7

bonding theory

Answer 7

• starting with 2 atomic orbitals, you end up with 2 molecular orbitals
  
  • one orbital will be higher in energy
  • one orbital will be lower in energy
    
    • net result 0

Question 8

molecular orbitals vs atomic orbitals

Answer 8

the # of MOs is the same # of AOs that combine to produce them

Question 9

general formula of alkanes

Answer 9

CnH2n+2

Question 10

methane

Answer 10

• CH4
• most abundant
• lowest boiling point

Question 11

ethane

Answer 11

-C2H6

Question 12

propane

Answer 12

-C3H8

Question 13

methyl group

Answer 13

CH3

Question 14

methylene group

Answer 14

CH2

Question 15

constitutional isomers

Answer 15

same molecular formula different connectivity

Question 16

pentane

Answer 16

5 carbons

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Question 17

hexane

Answer 17

6 carbons

Question 18

unbranched alkanes

Answer 18

straight-chained alkanes (zigzag line)

Question 19

C5H12 isomers

Answer 19

• unbranched isomer = pentane
• isomer with single methyl group = isopentane
• isomer with 3C chain and two methyl groups = neopentane

Question 20

methane

Answer 20

1 carbon

Question 21

ethane

Answer 21

2 carbons

Question 22

propane

Answer 22

3 carbons

Question 23

butane

Answer 23

4 carbons

Question 24

pentane

Answer 24

5 carbons

Question 25

hexane

Answer 25

6 carbons

Question 26

heptane

Answer 26

7 carbons

Question 27

octane

Answer 27

8 carbons

Question 28

nonane

Answer 28

9 carbons

Question 29

decane

Answer 29

10 carbons

Question 30

ethyl group

Answer 30

CH3CH2

Question 31

heptyl group

Answer 31

CH3(CH2)5CH2

Question 32

octadecyl group

Answer 32

CH3(CH2)16CH2

Question 33

primary carbon

Answer 33

directly attached to one other carbon

Question 34

secondary carbon

Answer 34

directly attached to two other carbons

Question 35

tertiary carbon

Answer 35

directly attached to 3 other carbons

Question 36

propyl group

Answer 36

CH3CH2CH2 | -common name n-propyl

Question 37

1-methylethyl group

Answer 37

(CH3)2CH | -common name-isopropyl

Question 38

butyl group

Answer 38

CH3CH2CH2CH2 | -common name n-butyl

Question 39

1-methylpropyl

Answer 39

CH3CH2C-(CH3)H | -common name sec-butyl

Question 40

higher boiling point

Answer 40

more carbons in compound

Question 41

lower boiling point

Answer 41

more branched the compound is

Question 42

combustion of alkanes

Answer 42

- higher energy compounds have less branching - more branching, more stable (low energy) - less branching, more unstable (high energy)

Question 43

Cycloalkane

Answer 43

Alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons | -CnH2n