Chapter 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Affordance
An opportunity or threat provided by a situation
Attention
The process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment or ourselves
Attitudes
Favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea
Automaticity
The ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it’s put into motion
Chronically accessible
The state of being easily activated, or primed, for use
Collectivistic culture
A culture that socializes its membersto think of themselves in terms of their relationships and as members of the larger social group, and to prioritize the concerns of their relationship partners and groups before their own
Counterfactual thinking
The process of imagining alternative, “might have been” versions of actual events
Descriptive norms
A norm that defines what behaviors people typically perform in a given situation
Emotions
Relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions
Exemplar
A mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual
Goal
A desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish
Individualistic culture
A culture that socializes its members to think of themselves as individuals and to give priority to their personal goals
Injunctive norm
A norm that describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation
Moods
Relatively long-lasting feelings that are diffused and not directed toward particular targets
Motivation
The forces that moves people toward desired outcomes
Motive
A high-level goal fundamental to social survival
Person-situation fit
The extent to which a person and a situation are compatible
Pluralistic ignorance
The phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others because everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs
Priming
The process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for use
Reflected appraisal process
The process through which people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how others view them
Schema
A mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals
Self-perception process
The process through which people observe their own behavior to infer internal characteristics such as traits, abilities, and altitudes
Self-esteem
Our attitude toward ourselves
Self-presentation
The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us; synonymous with impression management
