Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter is

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What 4 states does matter exist?

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 3

All matter is composed of basic substances called?

Answer 3

Elements

Question 4

What 6 elements make up 95% of organisms body weight?

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 5

How many known naturally occurring elements are there?

Answer 5

92

Question 6

Protons charge?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

What is the smallest part of an element?

Answer 7

Atom

Question 8

Neutrons charge?

Answer 8

No charge

Question 9

Electron charge?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Atomic theory is?

Answer 10

Idea that elements consist of tiny particles called atoms

Question 11

The 3 subatomic particles that make up atoms?

Answer 11

Proton, Neutron, Electron

Question 12

What 2 subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?

Answer 12

Protons and Neutrons

Question 13

Electrons are arranged where?

Answer 13

Outside the atom in shells

Question 14

The rows on the periodic table arranged horizontally are called?

Answer 14

Periods

Question 15

The vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called?

Answer 15

Groups

Question 16

The atomic number is?

Answer 16

The amount of protons and electrons

Question 17

Mass number is?

Answer 17

Total amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 18

T/F It takes energy to hold electrons in place?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The atoms in group VIII are?

Answer 19

Noble gases

Question 20

The first electron shell can only hold how many electrons?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

The outer most energy shell of any atom is called?

Answer 21

Valence shell

Question 22

The octet rule states?

Answer 22

The outer most shell is most stable when it has 8 electrons

Question 23

The second electron shell can hold how many electrons?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

What is a molecule?

Answer 24

Two or more elements bonded together

Question 25

What is a compound?

Answer 25

A molecule containing at least two different elements bonded together

Question 26

What tells the number of each kind of atom in a molecule?

Answer 26

Molecular formula

Question 27

What is an ion?

Answer 27

An atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 28

When do ionic bonds form?

Answer 28

When atoms bond by transferring electrons from one atom to another

Question 29

A covalent bond results when?

Answer 29

Two atoms share electrons to complete an octet

Question 30

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 30

When electrons are shared equally between atoms

Question 31

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 31

When sharing of electrons in a covalent bond is not equal

Question 32

Is water polar or non-polar?

Answer 32

Polar

Question 33

Water is what type of bond?

Answer 33

Covalent bond

Question 34

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

Answer 34

Weak bonds

Question 35

Hydrogen bonds take place between?

Answer 35

Slightly negative atoms and slightly positive atoms

Question 36

Does water have a high or low heat capacity?

Answer 36

High

Question 37

Does water have a high or low heat of evaporation?

Answer 37

High

Question 38

T/F Water is a good solvent?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Hydrophilic molecules?

Answer 39

Dissolve in water

Question 40

Hydrophobic molecules?

Answer 40

Do not dissolve in water

Question 41

What is a solution?

Answer 41

Contains dissolved substances

Question 42

Cohesion refers to?

Answer 42

The ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding

Question 43

Adhesion refers to?

Answer 43

The ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces

Question 44

Which is less dense, frozen water or liquid water?

Answer 44

Frozen water

Question 45

pH stands for?

Answer 45

Potential hydrogen

Question 46

Acids are?

Answer 46

Substances that disassociate and water releasing hydrogen ions

Question 47

Bases are?

Answer 47

Substances that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions

Question 48

What is the pH scale used to indicate?

Answer 48

Indicates the acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 49

What are the ranges on the pH scale?

Answer 49

0 - 7 = Acidic 7 = Neutral 7 - 14 = Basic

Question 50

What is a buffer?

Answer 50

A substance that resist change in pH

Question 51

What is the pH of human blood?

Answer 51

7.4