Chapter 2

Question 1

What do data types describe

Answer 1

1. what values can be held by the item
2. how the item is stored in memory
3. what operations can be performed on the item

Question 2

what are two data types that are supported by all programming languages

Answer 2

1. Numeric
2. Strings

Question 3

what are the two types of constants

Answer 3

1. numeric constant (numbers that don’t change)
2. string constant (alphanumeric values) - contain numbers and characters and enclosed in question marks

Question 4

declaration

Answer 4

a statement that provides a variable’s data type, identifier (variables name) and maybe and initial value

Question 5

string variables can hold text, letters, and

Answer 5

special characters (punctuation etc)

Question 6

type - safety prevents

Answer 6

assigning values of an incorrect data type

Question 7

what are the rules for creating identifier’s (variable names)

Answer 7

1. reserved keywords are not allowed
2. must be one word
3. must start with a letter
4. should have appropriate meaning

Question 8

Camel casing

Answer 8

variable names have a “hump” in the middle (hourlyWage)

Question 9

pascal casing

Answer 9

variable names have the first letter in each word uppercase (HourlyWage)

Question 10

Hungarian notation

Answer 10

form of camel casing in which the data type is part of the name (numhourlyWage)

Question 11

snake casing

Answer 11

parts of variable names are separated by underscores (hourly_wage)

Question 12

mixed case with underscores

Answer 12

all letters uppercase with underscores in between each letter (Hourly_Wage)

Question 13

kebob case

Answer 13

parts of variable names are separated by dashes (hourly-wage)

Question 14

assignment statement

Answer 14

statement that assigns variable to number (set myAnswer = myNumber * 2)

Question 15

assignment operator (equal sign)

Answer 15

1. binary operator - it requires two operands, one on each side
2. right associativity - operates from right to left
3. lvalue - result to the left of assignment operator

Question 16

initializing a variable

Answer 16

giving the variable a start value

Question 17

garbage

Answer 17

a variable’s unknown value

Question 18

named constant

Answer 18

similar to a variable that’s assigned a value once

Question 19

magic number

Answer 19

unnamed constant

Question 20

rules of precedence

Answer 20

order of operations

Question 21

remainder operator (modulo operator or modulus operator)

Answer 21

contains the remainder of a division operation

Question 22

modules

Answer 22

subunit of programming problem

Question 23

call a module

Answer 23

use its name to invoke the module, causing it to execute

Question 24

modularization (functional decomposition)

Answer 24

breaking down large program into modules

Question 25

abstraction

Answer 25

paying attention to the important stuff and ignoring not important stuff

Question 26

why is modularization popular

Answer 26

1. easier to divide the task among various people 2. its faster to write the program 3. reusable (allows other modules to be used in other applications) 4. reliable (ensures every module has been tested)

Question 27

Modularizing a program

Answer 27

1. main program or mainline logic (basic steps of program) 2. name module (similar to naming variable)(module names are followed by set of parentheses)

Question 28

what to include in a module

Answer 28

module header, body, and return statement

Question 29

when a main program wants to use a module it

Answer 29

"calls" the modules name

Question 30

symbol used to call a module (flowchart)

Answer 30

rectangle with bar across the top

Question 31

encapsulated

Answer 31

statements taken out of a main program and put into a module

Question 32

global variables and constants are declared at which level

Answer 32

the program level (visible and usable in all modules called by the program)

Question 33

mainline logic for every program is

Answer 33

1. declare global variables and constants 2. housekeeping tasks (steps performed at beginning of program to get ready for rest of program) 3. detail loop tasks (core work of program) 4. end of job tasks (steps you take to finish the application)

Question 34

hierarchy chart

Answer 34

shows overall pic of how modules are related to another (shows which modules exist in a program and which modules call others)

Question 35

programming comments

Answer 35

explantation of program that isn't apart of program code

Question 36

flowchart symbol for comments

Answer 36

annotation symbol

Question 37

self-documenting

Answer 37

using meaningful names

Question 38

data dictionary

Answer 38

list of variables

Question 39

temporary variable (work variable)

Answer 39

1.not used for input/output 2. working variable used during a program's execution

Question 40

prompt

Answer 40

message displayed on monitor to ask user for a response

Question 41

echoing input

Answer 41

repeating input back to a user in a subsequent prompt/input