Chapter 2 Flashcards
A conclusion drawn from sociological research that is meant to apply to broad categories of people but for which many exceptions will always exist.
generalization
The classic steps by which scientific research is conducted, including the formulation of a hypothesis and the gathering and analysis of data.
scientific method
A statement of the nature of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
hypothesis
The focus of sociological research, usually a person, organization, or geographical region.
unit of analysis
Any characteristic that varies among units of analysis.
variable
A variable that affects the dependent variable.
independent variable
A variable that is influenced by an independent variable.
dependent variable
A subset of a population.
sample
A subset drawn from the larger population in which every unit in the population has the same chance of being included in the subset.
random sample
A nonrandom sample that is used because it is relatively quick and inexpensive to obtain.
convenience sample
A nonrandom sample in which units in the sample are chosen according to one or more characteristics so that the sample resembles these characteristics of the population as closely as possible.
quota sample
A relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable that exists only because the effects of a third variable have not been taken into account.
spurious relationship
The percentage of a sample that agrees to be included in a study, usually a survey.
response rate
In an experiment, the group that experiences the experimental condition.
experimental group
In an experiment, the group that does not experience the experimental condition.
control group
