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Chapter 1: Medical Terms > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(126 cards)

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1
Q

Gametic Cell Mutation

A

Changing within the genes in a gamete (sex cell) that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children

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2
Q

Somatic Cell Mutation

A

is a change within the cells the of body these changes affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation

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3
Q

Genetic mutation

A

Changing of the sequence of a DNA molecule. Potential causes of genetic mutation include exposure to radiation or environmental pollution

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4
Q

Double Helix

A

Consists of two of the helix strands twisted together

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5
Q

Helix

A

Shape twisted like a spiral staircase

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6
Q

Gamete

A

(Sperm or egg) also known as sex cells, is the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes

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7
Q

Aden-

A

Gland

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8
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands. These hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream & then are transported to organs & structures throughout the body

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9
Q

-crine

A

means to secrete

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10
Q

Exo-

A

means out of

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11
Q

Secretion

A

is the substance produced by a gland. There are two major types of glands: Exocrine glands & Endocrine glands

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12
Q

Gland

A

Specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

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13
Q

Hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk production of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues. This enlargement is not due to a tumor formation

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14
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

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15
Q

Dysplasia

A

The abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs

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16
Q

Anaplasia

A

Is a change in the structure of cells & in their orientation to each other. This abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers

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17
Q

Hypoplasia

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

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18
Q

Aplasia

A

Is the deflective development, or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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19
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

Contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli & to conduct electrical impulses

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20
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli & conduct electrical impluses

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21
Q

Liquid Connective Tissues

A

Which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients & waste products throughout the body

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22
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

Surrounds various organs & supports both nerve cells & blood vessels

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23
Q

Adip-

A

Fat

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24
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

also known as fat, provides productive padding, insulation & support

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25
Dense connective tissues
such as bone & cartilage, form these joints & framework of the body
26
4 Kinds of Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Loose Connective Tissue, Liquid Connective Tissue
27
Connective Tissue
Support & connect organs and other body tissues, there are 4 kinds of connective tissue
28
Endothelium
is the specialized epithelial tissue that lines that blood & lymph vessels, body & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands & organs
29
Epithelium
the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin & the surface layer of mucous membranes
30
Epithelial tissue
Forms a protective covering for all of the internal & external surface of the body. These tissues also form glands
31
The four main types of tissue are as follows:
1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nerve Tissue
32
Hist
tissue
33
Histology
is the microscopic study of the structure, composition & function of tissue
34
Adenosis
is any disease or condition of any glad
35
Adenomalacia
is the abnormal softening of a gland
36
Adenoma
is a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
37
Benign
non-life threatening
38
Malignant
Means harmful, capable of spreading, & potentially life threatening
39
Carcin-
Cancerous
40
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
41
Adenitis
is the inflammation of a gland
42
Adenoids
refer to a mass of glad-life lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharynx
43
Dem/i-
Population think demigraphic
44
Vector-borne transmission
The spread of certain disease due to the vector Vector - insects, animals, fleas, ticks, rats, mites
45
Food-Borne & Waterborne transmission
Also known as fecal-oral transmission is caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present
46
Airborne Transmission
occurs through contact with germs floating in the air. When someone coughs or sneezes, certain pathogens can remain airborne for a long time, infecting someone or even after the sick person is gone Ex: Measles, chicken Pox, Tuberculosis
47
Droplet Transmission
the spread of disease such as measles, cold & flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by cough or sneezing onto a nearby person or object
48
Bloodborne Transmission
Is the spread of disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood Ex: HIV, HEP B and most STDs
49
Functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified Ex: Panic attacks
50
Pandemic
Outbreak of disease occurirng over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide. Ex: AIDS, Covid
51
Stem Cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long period of time by cell division. Under certain conditions, stem cells can be transformed into cells with special functions (i.e. cells of the heart that can make the heartbeat or cells that make insulin for the pancreas)
52
Nucleus
surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is a structure within a cell. It has two important functions: controls the activities of the cell and helps it divide
53
-plasm
formative material of cells
54
cytoplasm
the material that is within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
55
cell membrane
tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment
56
cytologist
specialist in the study and analysis of the cells
57
cyt-
means cell
58
cytology
the study of the anatomy, physiology, chemistry and pathology of a cell
59
cells
basic structural and functional units of the body Cells are specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs
60
The complex structures of the body from the smallest to the largest
Cells Tissues Organs Body Systems These complete the body and enable it to function properly
61
Anatomic Reference Systems
terms used to describe the location of body planes, directs and cavities
62
-stasis
control
63
home/o-
constant
64
Homeostasis
Processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
65
Ventral Cavity
Located on the front side of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis. This is divided into 3 portions: Thoratic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity
66
Spinal Cavity
Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
67
Cranial Cavity
Located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
68
Dorsal Cavity
Located on the backside of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into 2 sections: The Cranial Cavity The Spinal Cavity
69
Two major body cavities
Dorsal (back) Ventral (front)
70
Lateral
direction toward or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline
71
Medial
The direction towards or nearer, the midline
72
Distal
means situated farther from the midline or beginning of a body structure
73
Proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
74
Caydal
toward the lower part of the body
75
-ic
pertaining to
76
cephalic
toward the head
77
structures of the body
the cells, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly
78
genetics
The genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child
79
Tissues
A group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions
80
Glands
a group of specialized cells that is capable of producing seretions
81
Body systems and related organs
organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that perform specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems
82
Pathology
The study of the native and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function
83
aden/o-
gland
84
abip/o-
fat
85
anter/o
before front
86
caud/o-
lower part of the body, tail
87
posterior
means situated in the back also the back part of an organ
88
Anterior
Situated in the front
89
Abdominal Cavity
The cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine. The abdominal cavity contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder.
90
Dorsal
refers to the back of the organ or body
91
venr-
belly side of the body
92
ventral
refers to the front, or belly side of the organ or body. Ventral is the opposite of dorsal
93
Transverse Plane
horizontal plane that divides the body into Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
94
Frontal Plane
a Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Also known as the coronal plane, it is located at right angles to the sagittal plane
95
mid sagittal plane
aka the midline is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
96
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
97
vertical plane
an up and down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon
98
Body Planes
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
99
anatomic position
The body standing in a standard position. This includes: - the body standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward -holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so the palms are facing toward the front
100
Physiology
The study of the functions of the structures of the body Physi= nature or physical
101
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the body
102
-stasis -static
control, maintenance of a constant level
103
poster/o-
behind, toward the back
104
-plas/i- -plas/o- -plasia
development, growth, formation
105
hist/o-
tissue
106
exo-
out of, outside, away from
107
end- endo-
in, within, inside
108
cyt/o- cyte-
cell
109
cephal/o-
head
110
inferior
means lower-most, below or toward the feet
111
superior
upper-most, above or toward the head
112
-ior
pertaining to
113
poster
means back or toward the back
114
lumbar
describes the part of the back between the ribs and pelvis
115
-ar
pertaining to
116
lumb-
lower back
117
right and left lumbar regions
located near the inward curve of the spine (on either right or left side)
118
epi-
above
119
epigastric region
above the stomach
120
regions of the thorax and abdomen
divides the abdomen and lower portion into 9 parts 1. right & left hypochondriac regions 2. epigastric region 3. right and left lumbar regions 4. umbilical region 5. right and left iliac regions 6. hypogastric region
121
right and left hypochondriac regions
covered by the lower ribs
122
grion
crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh
123
ingunial
relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen. This includes the groin
124
abdominopelvic cavity
refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit
125
pelvic cavity
space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive excretory systems
126

Chapter 1: Medical Terms (17 decks)

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