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FORENSIC > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be perceived by the HUMAN EYE

A

electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

that makes THINGS VISIBLE is classified by the wavelength into a system known as the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

radiant energy

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3
Q

It is when the sun sets, day TURNS INTO NIGHT and it becomes dark.

A

Moon and Stars

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4
Q

most popular and MOSTLY USED LIGHT source of photographers

A

Sunlight

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5
Q

It is free and no need to be transported.

A

Sunlight

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6
Q

Classification ACCORDING to its Intensity:

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun
Hazy Sunlight
Dull Sunlight/Cloudy
Overcast Sky/Cloudy Bright
Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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7
Q

This is the direct SUNLIGHT STRIKING the subject

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun

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7
Q

It is the BRIGHTEST OF ALL, it is highly directional, images taken with distinct sun is characterized by
extreme highlights

A

Bright sunlight/Distinct sun

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7
Q

It is a hazy sunlight when the sun is covered by THIN CLOUDS but still clearly visible and it is illuminating your subject

A

Hazy Sunlight

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7
Q

Objects in OPEN SPACE cast no shadow

A

Dull Sunlight/Cloudy

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8
Q

Sun is bright but NOT VISIBLE light is soft and not
directional, skies may be covered with stationary clouds and it provides no shadows and
low contrast

A

Overcast Sky/Cloudy Bright

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9
Q

This is practically the same as overcast sky but generally
DARKER AND LIGHT IS DULL

A

Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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10
Q

It is cloudy when the sun
is shining bright but covered with THICK MOVING CLOUDS

A

Dull Sunlight/Cloudy

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11
Q

It provides VERY POOR CONTRAST and static cloud is so thick where
one cannot tell the overhead position of the sun

A

Heavy Overcast/Cloudy Dull

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12
Q

There are DIFFERENT classifications:

A

UV Lamp
LASER
Alternative Light Source (ALS
Forensic Light Sources (FLS)

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13
Q

this refers to some units are PORTABLE BATTERY operated and are easily
carried and can meet the rugged and rigorous demand for field work.

A

UV Lamp

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14
Q

This refers to Light Amplification through Simulated Emission of
Radiation

A

LASER

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15
Q

This refers to far more EXPENSIVE ALTERNATIVE to
forensic LASER

A

Alternative Light Source (ALS

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16
Q

This refers to a wide variety of relatively INEXPENSIVE LIGHT sources which use filtered white light.

A

Forensic Light Sources (FLS)

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17
Q

It uses a variety of band pass filters to provide a high intensity beam of
NON - COHERENT LIGHT.

A

Alternative Light Source (ALS

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18
Q

What are the types of Light Angles?

A

Front Lighting
Side Lighting
Back Lighting
Overhead Lighting

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19
Q

It is a common belief that photographs taken at EARLY IN THE MORNING or
late in the afternoon is better compared to photos taken in any other time of day.

A

Front Lighting

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20
Q

This type of lighting happens MOSTLY IN THE MORNING and
afternoonwhen the sunlight hits the subject from either the right or left flank of the
photographer

A

Side Lighting

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21
Q

This type of lighting happens when the sun STRIKES THE SUBJECT from
behind or when the sun is directly in front of the photographer

A

Back Lighting

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22
This normally occurs at NOONTIME where sun is directly above your subject
Overhead Lighting
23
This angle of lighting is generally NOT RECOMMENDED for taking portraits.
Overhead Lighting
24
What are the Theories of Light:
1. Wavelength Theory 2. Quantum Theory
25
The wavelength of the light is the MOST PERTINENT, particularly in the design of lenses
Wavelength Theory
26
It is used to explain X- RADIATION and photo – electricity
Quantum Theory
27
It is best illustrated by the DROPPING OF STONE in a pond of still water
Wavelength Theory
28
A quantum of light is called
photon
29
What are The RAT Law
Reflected Absorbed Transmitted
30
He measured the SPEED LIGHT in 1676
Ole Romer
31
It occurs whenever an object change direction of a light wave but DOES NOT ALLOW THE WAVE to pass through it
Reflection
32
It is the change in direction of a wave due to a CHANGE IN ITS SPEED
Refraction
33
It is described as the apparent BENDING OF WAVES around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings
Diffraction
34
When light STIKES THE SURFACE and rebound it is said to be reflected, and it is called
incident light
35
This is MOST COMMON OBSERVED when a wave passes from one medium to another
Refraction
36
TYPES OF Mediums of Light:
1. Transparent object 2. Translucent objects 3. Opaque objects
37
It allows sufficient visible light to pass through them that the object on the other side may be CLEARLY SEEN.
Transparent object
38
It allows light to pass, however diffuse it sufficiently that objects on the other side may NOT BE CLEARLY distinguished
Translucent objects
39
It is so greatly diffuse the light that recognizing the object on the other side is very difficult if NOT IMPOSSIBLE
Opaque objects
40
It transmits 90% OR MORE of the incident light
Transparent object
41
It transmits 50% OR LESS of the incident light
Translucent objects
42
It DIVERT or absorb light.
Opaque objects
43
The light that we see is ONLY A PART OF TREMENDOUS range of energy called the
Electromagnetic Spectrum
44
Kinds of Light in the Electromagnetic Spectrum:
a. Visible Lights b. Invisible lights
45
Types of Visible Lights:
1. Red 2. Orange 3. Yellow 4. Green 5. Blue 6. Indigo 7. Violet
46
The light that CANNOT BE DETECTED BY NAKED EYE is the invisible spectrum
Invisible lights
47
Invisible Radiation with wavelength SHORTER than 400 mμ:
1. Ultraviolet Light 2. X–ray 3. Gamma rays 4. Cosmic Rays
48
It is used to photograph FINGERPRINTS ON MULTI-COLORED BACKGROUND, documents that are altered chemically or over writings and detection of secret writings.
Ultraviolet Light
49
To produce a SHADOW PHOTOGRAPH of an internal structure of solid objects, x –rays is suitable.
X–ray
50
Used in recording or photographing objects HIDDEN BY OPAQUE mediums
Gamma rays
50
It is the high energy charged particles, originating in OUTER SPACE, that travel at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth from all directions.
Cosmic Rays
51
It is also include HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS, positrons, and other subatomic particles.
Cosmic Rays
52
The term "cosmic rays" usually refers to?
galactic cosmic rays
53
Invisible Radiation with wavelength LONGER than 400 mμ:
1. Infrared Light 2. Radio Waves 3. Microwaves 4. Hertzian Waves
54
It is not a color or any KIND OF RED. It is an invisible rays and it is only detected by the human skin as heat.
Infrared Light
55
These light waves have the LONGEST WAVELENGTH of all lights
Radio Waves
56
It can harm the body because it CAN HEAT THE WATER molecules in deep tissues.
Microwaves
57
An electromagnetic wave produced by the OSCILLATION of electricity in a conductor (as a radio antenna) and of a length ranging from a few millimeters to many kilometers.
Hertzian Waves
58
is the PRESENCE of all color
White
59
is the ABSENCE of all colors or the absence of light
Black
60
What are the types of Light Rays:
a.Primary Colors of Light Rays b.Secondary/Complementary Colors of Light Rays
61
What are the types of Color Mixing of Lights:
Color Addition Color Subtraction Neutral Color
62
Primary Colors of Light Rays:
1. Red 2. Green 3. Blue
62
Secondary/Complementary Colors of Light Rays:
1. Yellow 2. Cyan 3. Magenta
63
Color Addition:
1. Magenta + Yellow = White 2. Magenta + Cyan = White 3. Yellow + Cyan = White 4. Red + Green + Blue = White 5. Red + Blue = Magenta 6. Red + Green = Yellow 7. Blue + Green = Cyan
64
Color Subtraction:
1. White - Magenta = Green 2. Cyan - Green = Blue 3. Yellow - Green = Red 4. Yellow - Red = Green 5. White - Red = Cyan 6. White - Blue = Yellow 7. White - Green = Magenta 8. White - Cyan = Red 9. White - Yellow = Blue
65
Neutral Color:
1. White
66
Types of Coloring Matters:
a.Primary Colors of Coloring Matters b.Secondary Colors of Coloring Matters c.Tertiary Colors of Coloring Matters d.Color Mixing of Coloring Matters e.Neutral Colors
67
Primary Colors of Coloring Matters:
1. Red 2. Yellow 3. Blue
67
Secondary Colors of Coloring Matters:
1. Orange 2. Green 3. Violet
68
Tertiary Colors of Coloring Matters:
1. Yellow – Orange 2. Yellow – Green 3. Blue – Green 4. Blue – Violet 5. Red – Violet 6. Red – Orange
69
Color Mixing of Coloring Matters
1. Red + Yellow = Orange 2. Blue + Yellow = Green 3. Blue + Red = Violet 4. Yellow + Orange = Yellow – Orange 5. Yellow + Green = Yellow – Green 6. Blue + Green = Blue – Green 7. Blue + Violet = Blue –Violet 8. Red + Violet = Red – Violet 9. Red + Orange = Red – Orange
70
Neutral Colors in Coloring Matters:
1. Gray 2. Black
71
Steps are taken to ensure proper photographic documentation:
Secure the scene Evaluate conditions Shoot the scene Photograph the victims Photograph the evidence Evidence markers Re-shoot for new evidence
71
In all forensic investigations, the FIRST STEPS is to secure the crime scene.
Secure the scene
71
The photographer should EVALUATE THE AVAILABLE LIGHT and weather conditions and adjust camera settings appropriately.
Evaluate conditions
71
The photographer should TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS BEFORE ANYTHING is disturbed, progressively working through the scene from outside to close-up pictures.
Shoot the scene
71
The next series of shots SHOULD INCLUDE VICTIMS (if present) to show locations, injuries and condition.
Photograph the victims
71
Then each PIECE OF EVIDENCE should be photographed to illustrate where it was found.
Photograph the evidence
71
Photographs should be TAKEN BEFORE evidence markers are placed, then again after.
Evidence markers
72
the whole series of shots should be REPEATED, including all evidence shots.
Re-shoot for new evidence
72
These photographs should be taken from STRAIGHT ABOVE or straight on at right angles, eliminating potential distance distortions.
Photograph the evidence
72
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF Qualities of Light:
INTENSITY COLOR DIRECTION
72
The AMOUNT OF LIGHT REFLECTED by the performer and the background.
INTENSITY
72
Reflected by the PERFORMER and the background.
COLOR
72
It determines the LENGTH AND LOCATION of the shadows cast by the performer and the three dimensional props around him.
DIRECTION
73
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF Forensic Light Sources:
Latent Fingerprint Detection Bodily Fluids Hair and Fibers Questioned Document
74
The PRIMARY APPLICATION of a forensic light source is for enhancing the detection of _______
Latent Fingerprint Detection
75
It will actually GLOW UNDER THE LIGHT source illumination
Bodily Fluids
75
Two light illumination methods can be employed, first, oblique or parallel lighting of a surface such as a FLOOR OR CARPET with a strong white light (the more powerful the better) will reveal small particles like hair and fibers for collection.
Hair and Fibers
76
A tunable forensic light source can be used to identify slight variations in INK TYPE by viewing ink responses as the color of the light is tuned through the visible and infrared regions.
Questioned Document

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