Chapter 2 Flashcards by Maryam Elgohary

Type of system calls that Get time/date, set time/date

Information maintenance

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The OS provides application programmers with API to invoke services
(T/F)

True

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Type of system calls that Create file and delete file

File management

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In …………, It is easier to extend the OS

Micro-kernel approach

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In ………………., Linking additional services dynamically is preferable to recompiling the kernel every time a change is made
(operating system structure)

Modules Approach

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The process of starting a computer by loading the kernel

System Boot

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…………. provides more security and reliability

Micro-kernel approach

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In layered approach, bottom layer (layer 0) is …………

hardware

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Removes all nonessential components from the kernel and implements them as system programs
(operating system structure)

Micro-kernel Approach

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Allocate resources to the running processes

Resource allocation

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Loosely-coupled as changes in one layer do not affect the others
(operating system structure)

Layered Approach

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In micro-kernel approach, No need to modify of the kernel
(T/F)

True

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In ………….., Each layer uses the functions of only the lower-level layers
(operating system structure)

Layered Approach

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type of system calls that Create, load, execute, terminate, and abort

process control

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To provide very efficient performance

Monolithic

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……….. are available as functions written in C and C++

System calls

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Recording which process uses how much and what kinds of resources

Logging

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Difficult to implement and extend
(operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

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In micro-kernel approach, Most services are running as kernel rather than user processes
(T/F)

False

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It is easier to port the OS from one hardware design to another. this is an advantage of …………

Micro-kernel approach

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In micro-kernel approach, New services are added as system programs
(T/F)

True

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In …………, Several OSs use of this approach, such as UNIX, Linux, and Windows
(operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

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Very little overhead in the system-call interface
(operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

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the primary module has only core functions. This is a similarity between the …………. and …………

Modules approach, Micro-Kernel approach

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Type of system calls that Get and set device attributes, logically attach or detach devices

Device management

Type of system calls that Get system data, set system data

Information maintenance

In .................., If a service fails, the rest of the operating system remains untouched

Micro-Kernel Approach

A single, static binary file that runs in a single address space (operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

Type of system calls that Open, close, read, write, reposition file

File management

............... ensures that all access to system resources is controlled

protection

In ............, No structure at all (operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

Makes it easier to implement and extend the kernel (operating system structure)

Layered Approach

................ Provide an interface to the services provided by the OS

system calls

This type of design is common in modern implementations of UNIX, such as Linux, macOS, and Solaris, as well as Windows (operating system structure)

Modules Approach

In ............., it is difficult to define the functionality of each layer (operating system structure)

Layered Approach

User processes can execute I/O operations directly (T/F)

False

.......... is both monolithic and modular

Linux

........... allow user processes to read, write, create, and delete files

File-system manipulation

The ....... of the system from outsiders is also important

security

Type of system calls that Get file attributes and set file attributes

File management

Type of system calls that Wait for time, wait event, signal even, allocate and free memory

Process control

In layered approach, Traversing multiple layers to call services results in ............ performance (operating system structure)

Poor

Some low-level tasks may be written using ...........

assembly-language

It is easier to modify kernel if needed as it is a smaller kernel. this is an advantage of ............

Micro-kernel approach

To add new functionality dynamically to the kernel

Modular

In layered approach, highest layer (layer n) is ............

user interface

Implemented via shared memory or message passing

Communications

Type of system calls that Send message, receive message, transfer status information

Communications

.......... Load programs into memory and run them

program execution

each kernel section has a defined and protected interface. This is a similarity between ............... and .............

Modules approach, layered approach

User processes can use ............. to call the OS services

system calls

the OS must provide processes with some means to perform I/O (T/F)

True

Type of system calls that Request device, release device, read, write, reposition

Device management

Type of system calls that Create, delete communication connection

Communications

In ................, The kernel has a set of core components and can link in additional services via LKMs, either at boot time or during run time (operating system structure)

Modules Approach

more flexible, because any module can call any other module. This is a difference between ............... and .............

Modules approach, layered approach

Tightly-coupled as changes to one part can affect other parts (operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

Type of system calls that Get process, file, or device attributes, set process, file, or device attributes

Information maintenance

A program must be able to end its execution, either normally or abnormally (T/F)

True

Type of system calls that Attach remote device, detach remote device

Communications

Communication within the kernel is fast (operating system structure)

Monolithic Approach

Divides the OS into a set of layers (operating system structure)

Layered Approach

very few OSs adopt a single, strictly defined structure (T/F)

True

Enable user processes to exchange information

Communications

Type of system calls that Get process attributes and set process attributes

Process control

When a process executes a system call, the system traps to the OS (T/F)

True

modules do not need to use message passing to communicate. This is a difference between ............... and .............

Modules approach, Micro-Kernel approach

............ Provide a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI)

User Interface

Ensure correct computing by detecting errors in hardware or user programs

Error detection