Chapter 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
ELEMENTS
A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES BY CHEMICAL MEANS
ATOMS
THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT THAT DISPLAYS THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENT
ATOMIC SYMBOL
ONE OR TWO LETTERS THAT STAND FOR THE NAME OF THE ELEMENT
PROTONS
POSITIVE
NEUTRONS
NEUTRAL
ELECTRONS
NEGETATIVE
ELECTRON SHELLS
USED TO INDICATE THE AVERAGE LOCATION OF THE ELECTRONS
ATOMIC NUMBER
THE AMOUNT OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
MASS NUMBER
THE SUM OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN NUCLEUS
ATOMIC MASS
THE AVERAGE MASS FOR ALL THE ISOTOPES OF THAT ATOM
molecule
exists when two or more of the same type of atoms bond together, smallest part of a compound that retains its chemical properties
compound
a molecule containing atoms of at least two different elements
formula
tells you the number of each kind of atom in a molecule
ionic bonding
an electron transfer that results in both atoms having eight electrons in their outer shells
ions
charged particles
ionic bond
when ionic compounds are held together by an attraction between negatively and positively charged ions
covalent bond
when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell
nonpolar covalent bond
when the sharing electrons between two atoms is equal
electronegativity
the atom that has a greater attraction for a shared pair of electrons has a greater electronegativity
polar covalent bond
when electrons are not shared equally
calorie
the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 g of water 1 deg C
solution
contains dissolved substances
solutes
the dissolved subtances
cohesion
the abilityy off water molecules to cling to other water molecules
