Chapter 2 Flashcards
What 2 thigs can we learn from neuro sciences?
- Learning is highly diverse by individual
2. Learning is highly diverse in its distrubution
What are the 3 important brain structures and their function?
Neurons - male all brain functions possible
Hippocampus - processes a persons new experiences
Amyglada - generate negative emotions as the brains warning system
define Neural Plasticity
Brains capactiy for structural change as a result of experience
What do stimulating enviroments do to the brain
Infromation to store process remember and use to solve problems
may create greater neuronal connectivity
what are the 3 schemas?
Behavioural schemas - mental representations of physcial actions
Symbolic - language based mental representations of objects and events
Operations - mental actions used to solve a problem
What are Assimilation and Accomadation?
Assimilation - outside event is brought innto a persons way of thinking
Accomadation - existing schema is changed or modified to make sense of something new
What is disequillbirum?
Cognitive conflict when ones existing way of thinking is not confirmed by experience
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete Operations stage
Formal Operations stage
Describe the sensorimotor stage
behaviour is sensory and motor driven. childern rely on these to gain a basic understanding of their enviroment
describe preoperational stage
create symbolic schemas
take part in pretend play (imagination)
describe concrete operations stage
internal mental activity that allows them to revise or alter a symbol or image to reach logical conclusion
describe formal operations stage
- Inductive reasoning - the abstraction of a general principle from a variety of examples
- Deductive reasoning - drawing a hypothesis from a smaple of evidence
What is Conservation?
The understanding that apperance alterations do not change th essential properties of the object
Piaget’s theory promotes what kind of learning?
discovery based learning - motive by stimulating curiosity
what is a limitation of Piagets theory?
underestimated capacity of infants n- elementry school students
Not as good as guided discovery learning
Neglects the importance of culture
What did Vygotsky argue?
Cognitive development emerged mostly out of social development
Describe Predevelopment, Zone of Proximal Development, and Actual development
Pre - student unable to solve problem
Zone - can accomplish task with guideance
Actual - capable of solving problems independantly
What is scaffolding?
guidence and support by teacher to advance student skill
What are the 2 systems for Groups of Learners?
IRE - Iniate respond Evaluate
PQS - probe question and scaffold
what is socially shared cognition?
Understanding a problem with a group that you couldnt do on your own
What is Transfer of Responsibilty?
Student accomplishs subgoals and has less need of assistance
what is Intersubjectivity
partners come together with shared understanding and solve problem
describe the 2 levels of Sociocognitive development
1 - one on one with a member of your culture (compentant to non-compatant)
2 - through cultures history and technology
Piaget and Vygotsky on PEERS
Vygot - peers act as guidence like teachers
Piaget - peers create cognitve conflict thus promote development
