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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Theories under Sociological Theory

A
  1. Social Structure Theory
  2. Social Process Theory
  3. Social Control Theory
  4. Social Conflict Theory
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2
Q

They view delinquency as a product of different social factors and dynamics

A

Sociological Theory

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3
Q

● They hold that delinquency is a function of a person’s place in the economic structure.

● They recognize that various sources of crime data show that crime rates are highest in neighborhoods characterized by poverty and social disorder

● Based on position on socio-economic

A

Social Structure Theory

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4
Q

● This focuses on the condition within the urban environment that affects crime rates. A disorganized area is one in which institutions of social control such as family, and commercial establishments; schools have broken down and can no longer carry out their expected or state functions.

● Breakdown of social control mostly found in inner city

A

Social Disorganization Theory

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5
Q

FACTORS resulting to Social Disorganization/ breakdown of social control

A

1) Psychological Factor
▪︎ conflict
▪︎ competition
▪︎ accomodation

2) cultural conflict
▪︎ malajustment of existing institution

3) Biological
▪︎ population
▪︎ intercast marriage

4) physical Factor
▪︎ Flood
▪︎ Storm
▪︎ other calamity

5) Social problems
▪︎ criminality
▪︎ poverty
▪︎ unemployment
▪︎ corruption

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6
Q

This theory was introduced by Robert Merton, he believed that deviant behavior was caused by conditions in social structures. The society created strain between culturally prescribed goals and socially structure to achieved these goals. Adaptation are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion

A

Strain Theory

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7
Q

Inability of individual to achieva culturally valued goals that causes
▪︎ frustration
▪︎ anger
▪︎ resentment
▪︎ disparity
▪︎ under great pressure
▪︎ goal is blocked

A

Strain Theory

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8
Q

Robert Agnew formulated this theory. It assumes that exposure to strain, especially on a persistent basis, increases the child’s risk for delinquency

A

General Strain Theory

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9
Q

This theory suggests that the root cause of criminality can be found in a clash of values between differently socialized groups over what is acceptable or proper behavior.

A

Culture Conflict or Culture Deviance Theory

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10
Q

They view delinquency as a result of poor or faulty socialization or upbringing

A

Social Process Theory

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11
Q

This theory was introduced by Albert Bandura, it assumes that people are born with no tendency to commit crimes but that they learn to be aggressive through their life experiences

A

Social Learning Theory

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12
Q

Edwin H. Sutherland introduced this theory in the late 1930’s. He was one of the first to state that criminal behavior was the result of normal social process resulting when individuals associated with the wrong type of people, often by no fault on their part

A

Differential Association Theory

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13
Q

It is the process by which individuals experience and anticipate the consequences of their behavior.

A

Differential Reinforcement Theory

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14
Q

Richard Cloward and Loyd E. Ohlin (1960) argue that to understand the different forms of delinquent and criminal behavior can take, we must consider the different types of illegitimate opportunities available to those who seek a way out of the underclass and where these opportunities lead.

A

Differential Opportunity Theory

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15
Q

David Matza and Gresham Syke view the process of becoming a criminal as a learning experience in which potential delinquents and criminals master techniques. This enables them to counterbalance or neutralize conventional values due to subterranean values

A

Neutralization Theory

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16
Q

This theory suggests that the social order is created by adults for adults Children are forced to conform to this order, despite their possible reluctance, because they lack the power to create meaningful social change.

A

Differential Oppression Theory

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17
Q

It contends that society labels certain people as deviant, and the selected people accepted the label, thus becoming deviant. When a person cominits a crime, there is no automatic process that labels the person a criminal

A

Labeling Theory

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18
Q

These theories maintain that all people have the potential to violate the law and that modem societies present many opportunities for illegal activities. It also views that crime takes place when social control or bonds to society break down. “Why people do not commit crime?”

A

Social Control Theory

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19
Q

Walter Reckless theory sought to explain why despite the various push and pull factors that may tempt individuals into criminal behavior, most people resist the pressures and remain law-abiding citizens

A

Containment Theory

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20
Q

Travis Hirschi emphasized that social control is about the role of the social relationships that bind people to the social order and prevent antisocial behavior

A

Social Bond and Self-control Theory

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21
Q

They hold that delinquent behavior is a product of economic inequality

A

Social Conflict Theories

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22
Q

Richard Quinney and William Chambliss, theory is based upon the view that the fundamental causes of crime are social and economic forces operating within the society.

A

Class Conflict Theory

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23
Q

Developmental Views of Delinquency

A
  1. Individual-Level Risk Factors
  2. Social Factors
  3. Community Factors
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24
Q

A large number of individual factors and characteristics have been associated with the development of juvenile delinquency

A

Individual-Level Risk Factors

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25
Q

Individual-Level Risk Factors (Developmental Views of Delinquency) include:

A
  1. Age
  2. Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
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26
Q

Children and adolescents’ interactions and relationships with family and peers influence the development of antisocial behavior and delinquency.

A

Social Factors

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27
Q

Social Factors (Developmental Views of Delinquency) include:

A
  1. Family Influence
  2. Family Structure
  3. Family Interaction
  4. Social Setting
  5. Peer Influences
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28
Q

In assigning responsibility for childrearing to parents, most Western cultures place a heavy charge on families. Such cultures assign parents the task of raising their children to follow society’s rules for acceptable behavior.

A

Family Influences

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29
Q

A risk factor for delinquency is growing up in a family that has experienced separation or divorced.

A

Family Structure

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30
Q

Even in intact, two- parent families, children may not receive the supervision, training, and advocacy needed to ensure a positive developmental course

A

Family Interaction

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31
Q

Where family lives affect the nature of opportunities that will be available to its members

A

Social Setting

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32
Q

A very robust finding in the delinquency literature is that anti- social behavior is strongly related to involvement with deviant peers.

A

Peer influences

33
Q

Community Factors ( Developmental Views of Delinquency) include:

A
  1. Grade Retention
  2. School Suspension and Expulsion
  3. School Tracking
  4. Neigborhood
34
Q

It refers to the practice of not promoting students to the next grade level upon completion of the current grade at the end of the school year.

A

Grade Retention

35
Q

These are forms of school exclusion, with the students being presumably reserved for the most serious offenses

A

School Suspension and Expulsion.

36
Q

Is also known as “ability grouping” or “streaming, describes teaching practices whereby students who seem to be similar in ability are grouped together for instruction

A

School Tracking / Academic tracking

37
Q

Growing up in an adverse environment increases the likelihood that a young person will become involved in serious criminal activity during adolescence

A

Neighborhood

38
Q

Types of Delinquency

A
  1. Environmental Delinquents
  2. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents
  3. Psychiatric Delinquents
39
Q

These delinquents are characterized by occasional law breaking

A

Environmental Delinquents

40
Q

They haracterized by chronic law-breaking, a habit which this type cannot avoid or escape from

A

Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents

41
Q

They are characterized by serious emotional disturbances within the Individual and in some cases associated with tendencies towards mental illness

A

Psychiatric Delinquents

42
Q

Types of Delinquent Youths

A
  1. Social
  2. Neurotic
  3. Asocial
  4. Accidental
43
Q

Aggressive youth who resent the authority of anyone who make an effort to control his behavior

A

Social Type of Delinquent Youth

44
Q

These are youths who has internalize his conflicts and pre-occupied with his own feelings

A

Neurotic Type of Delinquent Youth

45
Q

This delinquent act has a cold, brutal, furious quality for which the youth feel no remorse

A

Asocial Type of Delinquent Youth

46
Q

They are less identifiable in character, essentially sociable and law abiding but it happens that he is in the wrong place at the wrong time and becomes involve in some delinquent act not typical to his general behavior

A

Accidental Type of Delinquent Youth

47
Q

Special Categories of Children:

A
  1. Dependent Child
  2. Abandoned Child
  3. Neglected Child
48
Q

One who is without parent, guardian or custodian or one whose parents, guardian or other custodian for good cause desires to be relieved to his care or his custody and is dependent to public for support.

A

Dependent Child

49
Q

One who has no proper parental care or guardianship or whose parents or guardian have deserted him for a period of at least six continuous months

A

Abandoned Child

50
Q

One whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately unattended

A

Neglected Child

51
Q

When the child is malnourished, ill, lack of or without proper shelters

A

Physical Neglect

52
Q

When the children are maltreated, raped, or seduced, to working under condition not conducive to good health, made beg in streets or public places, when exposed the moral danger such as gambling, prostitution and other services

A

Emotional Neglect

53
Q

The legal act of entrusting a child to the care of the DSWD or any duly licensed child placement or child caring agency or individual by court, parent or guardian or any interested party

A

Committed or Surrender of the Child

54
Q

One whose parents have been permanently and judicially deprived of parental authority due to abandonment, substantial, continuous, or repeated neglect, abuse; or incompetence to discharge parental responsibilities.

A

Involuntary Committed Child

55
Q

One whose parents knowingly and willingly relinquished parental authority to the DSWD or any duly licensed child- placement or child-caring agency or individual.

A

Voluntary Committed Child

56
Q

Refers to a private non-profit or charitable institution or government agency duly licensed and accredited by DSWD to provide comprehensive child services, including but not limited to receiving applications for adoption or foster care, evaluating the prospective adoptive or foster parents and preparing the home study report.

A

Child Placing or Child Placement Agency

57
Q

Refers to a private non-profit or charitable institution or government agency duly licensed and accredited by DSWD that provides 24 hour residential care services for abandoned, orphaned, neglected, involuntanly or voluntarily committed children

A

Child Caring Agency

58
Q

Refers to the person appointed by the court where the case is pending for a child sought to be committed to protect his best interest

A

Guardian ad litem

59
Q

A written report of the result of an investigation conducted by a social worker as to the socio-cultural, economic and legal status or condition of the child sought to be committed

A

Case Study Report

60
Q

Refers to the right and duty of parents under the law of nature as well as the common law and the statutes of many states to protect their children, to care for them in sickness and in health, and to do whatever may be necessary for their care maintenance and preservation

A

Parental Authority

61
Q

Includes mentally retarded, physically handicapped, emotionally disturbed and mentally ill children, children with cerebral palsy and those similar afflictions.

A

Disabled Child

62
Q

Types of Behavioral Disorders

A
  1. Anti-social Behaviors
  2. Lying
  3. Stealing
  4. Truancy
  5. Vagrancy
  6. Emotional Disorders
  7. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  8. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
  9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
    10 Anxiety Disorder
  10. Depression
  11. Bipolar Disorder
63
Q

Signs that a Child is suffering from behavioral Disorder

A

(DIPBA)
1. Defiance
2. Inattention
3. Physical Aggression
4. Blaming Others
5. Antisocial Behavior

64
Q

Enumerate the Different Parenting Styles.

A
  1. Authoritarian Parenting
  2. Authoritative Parenting
  3. Permissive Parenting
  4. Uninvolved Parenting
65
Q

Strict rules with no compromise, and no input from the children

A

Authoritarian Parenting

66
Q

Strict rules but parents are willing to listen and cooperate with their children

A

Authoritative Parenting

67
Q

Few rules, and few demands put on children. There is little to no discipline in this home, and parents typically take on the role of friend

A

Permissive Parenting

68
Q

No rules and very little interaction These parents are detached and may reject or neglect their children.

A

Uninvolved Parenting

69
Q

◇ Socially incompetent, socially inadequate, occupationally incompetent and unable to manage their own affairs

◇ Mentally sub-normal

◇ Retarded intellectually from birth or early age

◇ Retarded at maturity

◇ Mentally deficient as a result of constitutional origin through heredity or disease

◇ Essentially incurable

A

Mentally retarded children

70
Q

◇ Crippled, deaf-mute, blind and other conditions which restrict their means of action or communication with others

A

Physically handicapped children

71
Q

Unable to maintain normal social relations with others and the community in general due to emotional problems or complexes

A

Emotionally disturbed children

72
Q

Those with any behavioral disorder, whether functional or organic, which is of such a degree of severity as to require professional help or hospitalization

A

Mentally ill children

73
Q

A Canadian Psychologist. He believes that learning can be possible through:
Observation, Modeling and; Immitation

A

Albert Bandura

74
Q

Theory associated with the saying:
“ Tell me who your friends are and I’ll tell you who you are”

A

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY

75
Q
  • inner self/ social control
  • contented on what they have
  • people focus on being law abiding citizen
A

CONTAINMENT THEORY

76
Q

Four Elements in preventing anti-social behavior:

A

B- Beliefs
I- Involvement
A- Attachment
C- Commitment

77
Q

This theory believes that behavior is a product of economic inequality

A

SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY

78
Q

Inequality Vs. Inequity

A

▪︎ Inequality -unjust distribution of resources
▪︎ Inequity - lack of fairness or justice

79
Q

White collar crime Vs. Blue collar crime

A

▪︎ White collar crime - committed by public official

▪︎ Blue collar crime - committed by ordinary people

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (3 decks)

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