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Chapter 2 Flashcards

Chemistry of Living Things

1
Q

acid

A

chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution

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2
Q

alkali

A

a substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

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3
Q

amino acids

A

small molecular unites that make up protein molecules

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4
Q

atom

A

smallest piece of an element

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5
Q

base

A

chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH - ) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

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6
Q

buffer

A

a compound that maintains the chemical balances in a living organism

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7
Q

carbohydrate

A

an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

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8
Q

chemical bond

A

bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

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9
Q

chemistry

A

study of structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions

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10
Q

cholesterol

A

a steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

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11
Q

compounds

A

elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance

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12
Q

covalent bond

A

type of bond in which the atoms share electrons to fill the outermost shell or levels

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13
Q

dehydrated (dee-HYE-dray-ted)

A

an abnormal depletion of body fluids

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14
Q

dehydration synthesis (dee-HYE-dray-ted)

A

occurs when water is removed from a molecule; the molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

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15
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (dee-ock-see-rye-boh-new-KLEE-ik)

A

a nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; genetic material

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16
Q

disaccharide (dye-SAK-ih-ride)

A

double sugar

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17
Q

electrolytes (ee-LEK-troh-lights)

A

electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance

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18
Q

electron

A

a subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells; an electron has a negative (-) charge

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19
Q

element

A

made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

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20
Q

energy

A

ability to do work

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21
Q

enzymes

A

organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

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22
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside of a cell

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23
Q

fat

A

compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

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24
Q

glycogen

A

polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver

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25
hydrogen bond
bond that holds water molecules together and by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another molecule
26
hydrolysis
occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction
27
hydroxide
one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
28
interstitial fluid
another name of lymph fluid; fluid between the tissue
29
intracellular fluid
fluid within the cell
30
ion
an electrically chareged atom
31
ionic bond
bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom
32
isotopes (eye-so-TOWPS)
atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
33
kinetic energy (kih-NET-ik)
work resulting in motion
34
lipid
fatty compound
35
matter
anything that has weight and occupies space
36
molecule (MOL-eh-kyool)
the smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound
37
monosaccharide (mon-oh-SAK-ah-rides)
simple sugar; glucose
38
multicellular
many celled
39
neutralization (new-tral-ih-ZAY-shun)
process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water
40
neutron
a subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge
41
nucleic acid
organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (i.e., DNA, RNA)
42
organic catalyst
a substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed
43
organic compound (or-GAN-ik)
compound that contains the element carbon
44
pH scale
a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
45
phospholipids
fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
46
polysaccharide
a complex sugar
47
potential energy
energy stored in cells waiting to be released
48
protein
an organic compound containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen; and most times, phosphorus and sulfurs; protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue
49
protein synthesis
production of protein by the cells that are essential to life
50
proton
a subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom; the proton has a positive (+) charge
51
radioactive
capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation
52
ribonucleic acid (RNA) (rye-boh-new-KLEE-ik)
type of nucleic acid
53
steriods
lipids or fats that contain cholesterol
54
triglycerides
also called fats consist of glycerol and fatty acids, make up 95% of fats in the human body
55
unicellular (YOO-nih-SELL-you-lar)
composed of one cell
56
protons
a subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom; the proton has a positive (+) charge
57
neutrons
a subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge
58
electrons
a subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells; an electron has a negative (--) charge
59
organic compounds
compound that contains the element carbon
60
chemical bonds
bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements
61
carbohydrates
an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch
62
Monosaccharides
simple sugar; glucose
63
polysaccharides
a complex sugar
64
Lipids
fatty compound
65
Fats
compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids
66
proteins
an organic compound containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen; and most times, phosphorus and sulfur; protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue
67
organic catalysts
a substance that effects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed
68
Nucleic acids
organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (i.e., DNA, RNA)

Body Structures & Functions (5 decks)

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