Chapter 2

Question 1

Quasi-experiment

Answer 1

Random assignment isn’t possible

Question 2

Demand characteristics

Answer 2

Participants form an interpretation of the experiment’s purpose, subconsciously change behavior to fit that interpretation

Question 3

Barnum effect

Answer 3

Individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to them, yet which are vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people

Question 4

Descriptive statistics

Answer 4

Organize data into meaningful patterns and summaries, allows us to understand and communicate our findings better

Question 5

Conceptual replications

Answer 5

Seeing if the results still hold if you change the operationalizations of the variables

Question 6

Mandela effect

Answer 6

Collective misremembering

Question 7

Everyone seems to think that the mascot from the game Monopoly has a monocle. What is this an example of?

Answer 7

Mandela effect

Question 8

Scientific research results do not support the common stereotype that women talk more than men –> true or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Theory

Answer 9

Sets of facts and relationships between facts that can be used to explain and predict phenomena

Question 10

Scientific prediction

Answer 10

Usually stated in a rigorous, mathematical form

Question 11

A contemporary theory of emotion correctly predicts

Answer 11

The circumstances for when we might experience mixed emotions of happiness and sadness

Question 12

Participants viewing the “stress is good for you” messages experienced what relative to the “stress is bad for you” and control groups

Answer 12

soft work outcomes (maintain focus and communicate), hard work outcomes (quality, quantity, accuracy, and efficiency)

Question 13

Patient HM underwent

Answer 13

Brain surgery to control his frequent, severe seizures

Question 14

As a result of his brain surgery, patient HM was left with

Answer 14

profound memory deficits