chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Has mass and take space can be seen, smelled, or felt

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

Is the capacity to do work or put matter to motion. Does not have mass, no space.

Question 3

Kinetic / potential

Answer 3

Kinetic- action
Potential- stored inactive energy

Question 4

Forms of energy

Answer 4

Chemical
Electrical
Mechanical
Radiant

Question 5

Chemical

Answer 5

Stores in bonds of chemical sub

Question 6

Electrical

Answer 6

Movement of charged particles

Question 7

Mechanical

Answer 7

Directly in moving matter

Question 8

Radiant

Answer 8

Travels in waves (ex: heat, x rays, visible light)

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

off protons in nucleus

number of protons in nucleus

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

Structural vartiy of same element

Question 11

Atomic weight

Answer 11

Average of mass # of all isotope forms of an atom

Question 12

Mass number

Answer 12

Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Question 13

Four elements

Answer 13

OCHN make up 96% of body mass

Question 14

O

Answer 14

65%
(Oxygen) used to generate ATP, a molecule
used by cells to temporarily store chemical energy.

Question 15

C

Answer 15

(Carbon) 18%
Forms backbone chains and rings of all organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleIc acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 16

H

Answer 16

9.5%
(Hydrogen) A proton it influences the PH of body fluids.

Question 17

N

Answer 17

(Nitrogen) proteins and nucleic acids

Question 18

protons

Answer 18

positive charge (+) and weigh 1 amu (atomic mass unit)

Question 19

Neutrons

Answer 19

have no charge (0) and weigh 1 amu

Question 20

electrons

Answer 20

negative charge (-) are tiny they have no weight 0 amu

Question 21

radioisotopes

Answer 21

are isotopes that decompose to more stable forms. (isotope decays, subatomic particles that are being given off release of radioactivity

Question 22

molecules combing matter

Answer 22

2 or more atoms bonded together

Question 23

Compound combing matter

Answer 23

specific molecule that has 2 or more different kinds of atoms share together

Question 24

Mixture

Answer 24

combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended not bonded

Question 25

3 types of mixture

Answer 25

1. Solutions 2. Colloids 3. suspensions

Question 26

Chemical Bonds

Answer 26

Occurs when atoms are held together by forces of attraction

Question 27

3 bonds

Answer 27

1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Hydrogen

Question 28

Anion

Answer 28

negative (-) atom gained one or more electrons -

Question 28

Ion

Answer 28

an atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 28

Cation

Answer 28

positive (+) atom lost one or more electrons

Question 28

Covalent Bonds

Answer 28

When 2 or more atoms share electrons rather than donating/receiving

Question 29

polar Cov bonds

Answer 29

unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms = electrically polar molecules

Question 29

Nonpolar Cov bonds

Answer 29

equal share of electrons between atoms

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 29

Weak bonds that result from attraction of oppositely charges parts of molecules Stabilize molecular structure of large molecules

Question 30

chemical equations

Answer 30

occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged or broken

Question 31

Reactions

Answer 31

starting sub

Question 32

product

Answer 32

ending sub

Question 33

Types of chemical reactions

Answer 33

Synthesis Decomposition Exchange Oxidation-reduction

Question 34

Synthesis (combination)

Answer 34

reacts atoms or molecules combining to form larger molecules, use anabolic (building) A+B -> AB

Question 35

Decomposition

Answer 35

breakdown of a molecule into smaller molecules. use catabolic (bond-breaking) reactions. AB-> A +B

Question 36

Exchange

Answer 36

bonds are both made and broken 𝐴𝐵+𝐶 →𝐴𝐶+𝐵 𝐴𝐵+𝐶𝐷 →𝐴𝐷+𝐶𝐵

Question 37

reduction-oxidation

Answer 37

Atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they lose electrons

Question 38

Exergonic reactions

Answer 38

Release more energy than is consumes

Question 39

Endergonic

Answer 39

Use more energy than it produces

Question 40

Activation reaction

Answer 40

ensure more products will be formed, add energy

Question 41

Catalysts

Answer 41

increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product

Question 42

Reversibility

Answer 42

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible 𝐴+𝐵 ↔𝐴𝐵