Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nurs 448 (Ethics) > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Exam 1 (56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How was bioethics brought on?

A

Brought on by:

medical advances and

discovery of human rights violations in the name of medical science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of human rights violations in the name of medical science?

A
  1. WWII and Nazi experimentation
  2. Tuskegee research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does bioethics focus on?

A

Focused on decisions about resource allocation and the ethical treatment of research subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Belmont Report

A

Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Beauchamp & Childress (1979)- What did they do?

A

Principles of biomedical ethics. Outlined the 4 Main Principles of Bioethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 Main Principles of Biomedical ethics

A
  1. Autonomy
  2. Beneficence
  3. Nonmaleficence
  4. Justice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethical Principlism:

A

Guidelines for moral decisions & morality of actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do ethical principles do?

A

Provide framework for analyzing, resolving bioethical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Professional–Patient Relationships:
What occurs?

A

Unavoidable Trust

Human Dignity

Patient Advocacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unavoidable trust- what does it create and what does it require professionals to do?

A

Creates asymmetrical power structure
Requires professionals to act ethically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Human Dignity

A

Must be protected in all nursing care
Enhanced by assessing patients’ priorities and abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient advocacy- what must occur?

A

Identify unmet patient needs
Provide patients with necessary information
Increase the availability of health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomy

A

Freedom and ability to act in a self-directed manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of autonomy

A

INFORMED CONSENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Informed consent includes: list four things

A
  1. Person agreeing must be competent
  2. Must be made voluntarily
  3. Discloses all material information
  4. Recommendations of a plan

Persons must receive information
Consent for treatment must be voluntary*
Persons must be competent.*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Informed consent includes: list three things

A
  1. Statement of understanding risks/benefits
  2. Decision in favor of plan
  3. Authorization- verbal or written
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the Self-Determination Act of 1990 focus on?

A

Focused on advance directives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules

A

Gives patients’ privacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the nurse’s role in informed consent?

A

Witness voluntary consent from patient or legal guardian or surrogate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the provider’s role in informed consent?

A

Obtain consent, disclose risks/benefits, declare competence & understanding, and answer questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intentional Nondisclosure

A

Near misses, Emergency situations, Therapeutic privilege, Placebos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Intentional avoidance of harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intentional avoidance of harm is done how?

Study These Flashcards
A

Oversight by regulatory agencies
Best practices & EBP to minimize harm

24
Q

RUle of double effect

Study These Flashcards
A

Intended effect VS “Besides the intention” effect
Benefit vs Risk

25
Futile Treatment are treatments believed to:
1. offer no benefit to the patient 2. Potentially harm patient -There is no ethical requirement to provide such a treatment
26
What is an example of futile treatment?
Antibiotics for a virus
27
Negligence
Failure to render reasonable care, which results in damages or injury
28
Malpractice
Malpractice: A negligent act by a professional, usually someone licensed
29
Alleviating human suffering is a keystone of what?
Buddhist beliefs
30
Beneficence is considered what?
A legal responsibility of nurses
31
What are three rules of beneficence?
Protect and defend the rights of others. Prevent harm from occurring to others. Remove conditions that will cause harm.
32
What are two rules of beneficence?
Help persons with disabilities. Rescue persons in danger.
33
Paternalism
Acting beneficently without respecting autonomy
34
Two types of paternalism
1. Soft paternalism 2. Hard Paternalism`
35
Soft Paternalism
to protect persons from their own nonvoluntary conduct
36
Example of soft paternalism
Depression, addiction
37
Hard Paternalism
Interventions intended to be beneficent, even though the person’s actions are informed, voluntary, and autonomous
38
Examples of hard paternalism
Example- prescription drug laws and providers Intentional nondisclosure in therapeutic privilege
39
Justice
Refers to fairness/equity
40
What is fairness/equity?
Equal treatment without prejudice
41
Social justice
equitable distribution of benefits/burdens
42
Distributive justice: re:
Distributive justice: re: allocation of resources
43
Goal of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Goal of increasing healthcare equity
44
Common causes of moral suffering
Being in morally unsatisfactory situations Taking action that is not morally commendable
45
Second-Victim Phenomenon
Healthcare errors affect patients and their caregivers Stress, grief
46
Ethical dilemma
“Right versus right” Judged by Law
47
How common are ethical dilemmas
Extremely uncommon in day-to-day life
48
Approaches to Ethical Decision Making
1. Have Moral Imagination 2. Reflective Practice
49
What does it mean to have a moral imagination?
Respond to patients’ values Avoid becoming stuck in routine/protocol Consider “what if?” questions
50
What is included in reflective practice?
Reflection-on-action Reflection-in-action
51
What does 'reflection on action' mean?
Looking back on actions
52
What does 'reflection in action' mean?
Stopping to think before and during actions
53
Four Topics Approach
Medical indications Patient preferences Quality of life Contextual features
54
What is included in critical thinking? (six things)
1. Ask clear, pertinent questions. 2. Identify key problems. 3. Analyze relevant information. 4. Generate reasonable conclusions. 5. Remain open-minded. 6. Beware the Slippery Slope Argument
55
Why should you beware of the slippery slope argument?
May move toward illogical extremes Can become alarmist Ignore people’s ability to make distinctions
56
RaDonda Vaught case
Think about it

Nurs 448 (Ethics) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions