Chapter 2

Question 1

Electron

Answer 1

negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass in an atom

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element

Question 4

Matter

Answer 4

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down; each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

the ability to do work

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

Question 8

Biology

Answer 8

the study of life

Question 9

Prion

Answer 9

infectious agent composed only of protein

Question 10

Virus

Answer 10

infectious agent mad up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more basic

Question 12

Acid

Answer 12

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more acidic

Question 13

pH

Answer 13

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

electronically charged atom, the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons

Question 15

Ionic Bond

Answer 15

strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or another

Question 16

Solution

Answer 16

mixture of solute and solvent

Question 17

Solute

Answer 17

a dissolved substance

Question 18

Solvent

Answer 18

substances in which other substances can dissolve

Question 19

Adhesion

Answer 19

the attraction between molecules and a surface

Question 20

Cohesion

Answer 20

the attraction between molecules

Question 21

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 21

a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

Question 22

Polar Molecule

Answer 22

molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive at the other

Question 23

Hydrophilic

Answer 23

“water-loving” - molecules attracted to water

Question 24

Hydrophobic

Answer 24

“water-fearing” - molecules repel water

Question 25

Phospholipid

Answer 25

type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

Question 26

Cell membrane

Answer 26

phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

Question 27

Cell

Answer 27

basic structural unit of living organisms

Question 28

Nucleotide

Answer 28

building block of a nucleic acid

Question 29

Amino Acid

Answer 29

building block of a protein

Question 30

Monosaccharide

Answer 30

the building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate

Question 31

Polymer

Answer 31

molecule made of up individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain

Question 32

monomer

Answer 32

one chemical subunit of a polymer

Question 33

macromolecules

Answer 33

very large organic molecules that make up living organisms: they include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 34

Lipids

Answer 34

organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits ex. DNA an RNA

Question 35

Protein

Answer 35

organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

Question 36

Carbohydrate

Answer 36

an organic molecule made up of one or more sugars

Question 37

Inorganic

Answer 37

a molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds

Question 38

Organic

Answer 38

describes a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond

Question 39

Covalent Bonds

Answer 39

a strong interaction resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 40

Molecule

Answer 40

atoms linked by covalent bonds

Question 41

Atomic Number

Answer 41

number of protons in an atom, determines the atom’s identity

Question 42

Neutron

Answer 42

electronically unchanged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Question 43

Nucleus

Answer 43

the dense core of an atom