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Foundation of Microbiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are all materials that occupy space

A

Matter

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2
Q

What are positive subatomic particles

A

protons

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3
Q

What is the simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler substances?

A

Atom

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4
Q

What are neutral subatomic particles

A

Neutrons

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5
Q

What are negative subatomic particles?

A

Electrons

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6
Q

What is pure substances with a characteristic number of protons, neutrons, and electrons and predictable chemical behaviors?

A

Elements

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7
Q

What is a mass number?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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8
Q

What is an Atomic number?

A

number of protons

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9
Q

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen ________

A

make up most chemistry in biology

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10
Q

variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons are____

A

isotopes

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11
Q

Atomic weight is ?

A

average mass numbers of all isotopic forms

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12
Q

volumes of space surrounding the atomic
nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

A

Electron orbitals

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of bonds?

A
  1. Covalent bonds
    * Polar
    * Nonpolar
  2. Ionic bonds, and
  3. Hydrogen bonds
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14
Q

Covalent bonds –
* Polar covalent bonds –
* Nonpolar covalent bonds –

A

-electrons are shared among atoms
-unequal sharing
-equal sharing

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15
Q

What bond have one or more electrons from one atom are
removed and attached to another atom, forming positively
charged cations and negatively charged anions

A

Ionic

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16
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

weak bonds between hydrogen and other atoms.

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17
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidation Is Loss ( electrons)
Reduction Is Gain (electrons)

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18
Q

What is a Oxidation-reduction reactions?

A

Energy exchange in cells is a result of the movement of
electrons from one molecule to another.

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19
Q

What is a mixture of one or more substances called solutes, dispersed in a dissolving medium called a solvent.

A

Solution

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20
Q

Amphipathic molecules - have both -_______c and
_________ properties like the cell membrane

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A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

21
Q

Hydrophilic molecules

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A

Dissolves in water

22
Q

Hydrophobic molecules

23
Q

What are Organic chemicals?

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A

Compounds containing carbon bonded to hydrogen.

24
Q

What are large compounds produced by living things

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A

Macromolecules

25
What is a monomer?
a repeating subunit
26
What is a chain of monomers?
Polymer
27
What are 4 biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acids.
28
What is the general formula for a Carbohydrate?
CH2O Backbone of carbon Polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone
29
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water in a polymerization reaction
30
What links subunits of disaccharides and polysaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
31
What is the function of polysaccharides?
Provide cell structure, adhesion, and metabolism
32
What are Long or complex, hydrophobic, C—H chains attached to a glycerol molecule Created by dehydration synthesis?
Lipids
33
What are Triglycerides used for?
Energy storage
34
What are major cell membrane components?
Phospholipid
35
What is found in cell membrance and animal hormones?
Steriods
36
What type of lipid has glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group Bilayers of phospholipids form membranes
Phospholipids
37
What type of lipid has cholesterol inserted into the phospholipid bilayer that reinforces the membrane
Steroids
38
What is the backbone of a protein?
Nitrogen - Carbon-Carbon
39
Amino acids are attached through _______ _________to form proteins
Peptide bonds
40
What is the flow of protein folding?
Primary- Secondary- Tertiary- Quaternary
41
What is the function of DNA?
Pass hereditary material
42
What is the function of RNA?
Protein syntesis
43
What does DNA use?
ATCG- nitrogen base
44
What does RNA use?
AUCG- nitrogen base
45
A nucleotide, composed of a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (either A, T, C, G, or U) is the monomer of_______ ______ _______ ____?
Both DNA and RNA
46
In RNA, the polymer is composed of alternating ribose (R) and phosphate (P) attached to nitrogenous bases (A,U,C,G), but it is usually a _____ _______.
Single strand
47
DNA is _____.
Semi conservative
48
What is the function of ATP?
Transfer and storage of energy by breaking bonds.

Foundation of Microbiology (4 decks)

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