Chapter 3

Question 1

Microbiologists collect objects like body fluids, foods, water, soil, plants, animals, icebergs, volcanoes, and rocks.

Answer 1

Sampling

Question 2

Placing a sample in a growth-supporting medium using tools like loops, needles, swabs, or syring

Answer 2

Inoculation

Question 3

Placing inoculated media in a controlled environment to promote microbial growth and culture development.

Answer 3

Incubation

Question 4

Techniques to separate microbes into isolated colonies for species identification and pure cultures.

Answer 4

Isolation

Question 5

Observing cultures for growth characteristics and examining them under a microscope for cell type and shape

Answer 5

Inspection

Question 6

Conducting tests for microbial traits using specialized media, immunological testing, and genetic typing.

Answer 6

Information Gathering

Question 7

Attaching a name to a microbe using inspection data and specialized tools like keys, charts, and computer programs.

Answer 7

Identification

Question 8

Process of disease development involving inhalation, adherence, and toxin-mediated effects on the respiratory tract.

Answer 8

Pathogenesis

Question 9

Study of disease distribution, with pertussis having global prevalence, human reservoir, and seasonal patterns.

Answer 9

Epidemiology

Question 10

Utilizing microscopes with key characteristics like magnification and resolving power to diagnose infections.

Answer 10

Prevention

Question 11

Provides detailed 3D view by bombarding specimen with electrons

Answer 11

Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)

Question 12

Preparation allowing live cell examination for size, motility, and shape

Answer 12

Wet Mounts

Question 13

Made by drying and heating specimen film, stained for visualization

Answer 13

Fixed Mount

Question 14

Cationic, positively charged chromophores for staining

Answer 14

Basic Dyes

Question 15

Microbes’ surfaces attract basic dyes due to negative charge

Answer 15

Positive Staining

Question 16

Anionic, negatively charged chromophores for staining

Answer 16

Acidic Dyes

Question 17

Microbes repel dye, staining the background instead

Answer 17

Negative Staining

Question 18

Use one dye to reveal cell shape, size, and arrangement

Answer 18

Simple Stains

Question 19

Utilize primary and counterstain to distinguish cell types

Answer 19

Differential Stains

Question 20

Enhance cell details, revealing specific cell parts

Answer 20

Structural Stains

Question 21

Distinguishes between gram-positive (purple) and gram-negative (red) cells

Answer 21

Gram Stain

Question 22

Differentiates acid-fast Mycobacterium (red rods) from other cells

Answer 22

Acid-Fast Stain

Question 23

Highlights spores (green) and vegetative cells (red) for differentiation

Answer 23

Endospore Stain

Question 24

Enhances visualization of capsule in bacteria

Answer 24

Capsule Stain

Question 25

Reveals flagella details in bacteria

Answer 25

Flagellar Stain

Question 26

Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to various symptoms

Answer 26

Pneumoccal Pneumonia