Chapter 2 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Public health and epidemiology
focus on studying the distribution and control of diseases and health-related factors in human populations. It is a crucial field that helps in understanding and addressing health issues at a population level.
Climate change and public health,
has a significant impact on affecting various aspects like air quality, food and water quality, and the spread of diseases.
Understanding the relationship between climate change and health is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies.
urban heat island effect
refers to the phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings. This effect can exacerbate the impacts of climate change, leading to health issues like heat-related illnesses and poor air quality.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
pose a significant threat to public health by making infections harder to treat.
While not directly caused by climate change, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can worsen the health outcomes associated with climate-related diseases.
Vector-borne diseases
such as Zika and malaria, are sensitive to climate change as they are influenced by factors like temperature and precipitation.
Understanding the spread and impact of vector-borne diseases is essential for public health preparedness.
Adaptive capacity
refers to a community or individual’s ability to respond and adapt to the challenges posed by climate change. Factors like socioeconomic status, access to resources, and education play a crucial role in determining adaptive capacity.
Data mining in public health
involves extracting and analyzing large datasets to identify patterns and trends in public health and climate-related information. It helps in understanding the relationship between environmental factors and health outcomes.
Exposure and susceptibility
refers to being in contact with climate-related stressors that affect health, such as poor air quality or contaminated water. Susceptibility, on the other hand, is the vulnerability of individuals or communities to health impacts, influenced by biological and social factors.
The Global Burden of Disease Study
assesses the impact of diseases on populations by considering factors like years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability. This study helps in quantifying the overall burden of diseases on society.
DALYs, or Disability-Adjusted Life Years,
are a measure of the overall burden of disease on a population, considering both premature death and years lived with disability. It provides a comprehensive view of how diseases impact the health of individuals and communities.
Air Quality and Urban Heat Island Effect
, influenced by pollutants, wildfires, and the urban heat island effect, poses health risks, especially in urban areas, impacting respiratory health and overall well-being.
Public Health Interventions
, including clinical trials and intervention studies, play a vital role in establishing standards for medical practices, disease control, and public health strategies.
Epidemiology and Disease Control
, risk factors, and control measures, including descriptive and analytical approaches to identify patterns, associations, and interventions for public health.
Global Burden of Disease
assesses the impact of diseases like dengue and malaria on populations, considering factors like mortality rates, disability weights, and years of healthy life lost.
Heat-Related Illnesses
are a significant health concern exacerbated by climate change, with vulnerable populations facing increased risks due to extreme temperatures and lack of adaptive capacity.
Exposure and Risk Factors
, such as extreme heat, air pollution, and changes in food availability due to climate change, can increase health risks and impact disease outcomes.
Climate Change and Public Health
The intersection of climate change and public health involves understanding how climate impacts health outcomes, such as heat-related illnesses, air quality, food and water quality, and infectious diseases like Zika.
focus on studying the distribution and control of diseases and health-related factors in human populations. It is a crucial field that helps in understanding and addressing health issues at a population level.
Public health and epidemiology
Exposure Factors
, denoted as E, are the variables being studied to determine their impact on causing the disease. It is essential to match the exposure factors with the specific disease being investigated.
Cross-sectional studies
examine the relationship between exposure variables and disease occurrence at a specific point in time, providing insights into potential associations.
Projecting future health impacts,
especially with climate change, involves using various tools like future model simulations, socio-economic pathways, and exposure-response functions to anticipate potential outcomes.
Association analysis
Studies aim to find associations between disease (D) and exposure factors (E), emphasizing that correlation does not imply causation but is a valuable analytical tool.
Disease measurement
Disease, denoted as D, is the focus of measurement in studies, and it is crucial to understand how the disease is being measured for accurate analysis.
Odds ratio
The odds ratio indicates the strength and direction of the association between exposure and disease, with values greater than one suggesting a positive relationship.
