Chapter 2

Question 1

Inclusion body in fat cells

Answer 1

Lipid droplets

Question 2

Inclusion body in respiratory system

Answer 2

Mucus

Question 3

Inclusion body in muscles and liver

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

Inclusion body in skin and hair cells

Answer 4

Melanin

Question 5

Plasma membrane, transport processes

Answer 5

1 active process
2 passive process(diffusion)

Question 6

Passive process

Answer 6

1 simple diffusion
2 facilitated diffusion(carrier, transporter)
3 osmosis

Question 7

Active processes

Answer 7

1 active process(primary and secondary)
2 endocytosis
3 exocytosis( phagocytosis, receptor mediated)

Question 8

Plasma membrane is impermeable for?

Answer 8

Charged molecules, ions

Question 9

Golgi apparatus has flattened vesicles called

Answer 9

Cisternae

Question 10

Lysosomes have digestive enzymes called

Answer 10

Hydrolases

Question 11

Lysosomes execute cell’s death

Answer 11

Apoptosis

Question 12

Lysosomes get rid of the worn out organelles. This process is called

Answer 12

Autophagy

Question 13

Proteasomes play ac crucial role in …

Answer 13

Degrade faulty, unneeded cytoplasmic proteins
Maintaining cell’s cellular health
Regulate other cellular processes

Question 14

Inner mitochondrial membrane consist of folds called…

Answer 14

Cristae

Question 15

Functions of mitochondria

Answer 15

1 generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration
2 plays a role in apoptosis

Question 16

Functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 16

1 move organelles in the cells
2 maintain cell’s shape

Question 17

Function and location of centrosome

Answer 17

1 important for the cell’s division
2 close to nucleus

Question 18

Why is the function of cilia , and where does it found

Answer 18

Moving fluid
Found in the trachea to sweep mucus
, and fallopian tubes (oviduct ) to Move eggs to the uterus

Question 19

Nucleic acids are responsible for

Answer 19

Storage, expression. Transmission of genetic information

Question 20

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 20

1 pyrimidines T,C
2 purines A,G

Question 21

Enzyme responsible for the DNA transcription

Answer 21

RNA polymerase enzyme

Question 22

Plasma membrane contains cholesterol for

Answer 22

Structural support

Question 23

Substance transported throu simple diffusion

Answer 23

, non polar molecules, hydrophobic molecules: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. Fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins, steroids

Question 24

Substances transported through facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

Charged, polar solutes: glucose, galactose, fructose. Ions and vitamins

Question 25

Name of the water channel

Answer 25

Aquaporin

Question 26

Substances transported through active transport

Answer 26

Polar,charged molecules NA+,K+,H+, CL-,I- Ca2+

Question 27

Substances transported through exocytosis

Answer 27

Bacteria Viruses Antibodies Aged/dead cells Vitamins Hormones

Question 28

Solutes and nutrients in the cytoplasm

Answer 28

Vitamins Minerals Proteins Enzymes Ions Nucleotides Amino acids

Question 29

Role of smooth ER

Answer 29

1 synthesis of steroids and lipids (estrogen, cholesterol, testosterone) 2 ca 2+ storage and release 3 carbohydrate metabolism 4 detoxification

Question 30

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 30

Modify proteins , lipids and other macromolecules Then sorts them into vesicles

Question 31

The proteasomes recycle cytoplasmic proteins and turn them in to

Answer 31

Amino acids Small peptides And turn it back to the cytosol

Question 32

Functions of lysosomes

Answer 32

Execute apoptosis Carry out autophage Fuses with digest substances (phagocytes)

Question 33

Cytoskeleton has 3 types of fibers

Answer 33

1 microfillament(actin ) 2 intermediate 3 microtubules (large diameter)

Question 34

Nucleosomes

Answer 34

Bead like structure of histones Forms the chromatin

Question 35

Nucleotides

Answer 35

DNA consists of polynucleotides and a double helix Consist of: Nitrogenous base Phosphate group Deoxyribose sugar

Question 36

Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

1 release, and storage of calcium 2 carbohydrate, metabolism 3 detoxification of harmful substances 4 synthesis of lipids and steroids

Question 37

The three types of fibers that the cytoskeleton is made of

Answer 37

1microfillament 2 intermediate fillament 3 microtubule

Question 38

Substances transported through carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

Answer 38

Glucose, amino acids

Question 39

Substances transport through simple diffusion

Answer 39

Steroids, lipids

Question 40

Hypotonic solution causes

Answer 40

Homolysis

Question 41

What happens in the hypertonic solution?

Answer 41

Crenation

Question 42

What is the function of the junctions and what are the three types of it?

Answer 42

For communicating and connection 1 tight(impermeable) jun 2 gap(communicating) 3 dismosomes( anchoring)

Question 43

Tight junction function

Answer 43

Does an allows substances to enter between the cells Predominant in kidney , small intestine, stomach

Question 44

Desomosomes junction function

Answer 44

Allow for stress relief Predominant in cardiac cells and epidermis

Question 45

Gap junction function

Answer 45

For communicating Predominant in muscle cells like cardiac cells , and in neurons