Chapter5

Question 1

Main tissues of the bone

Answer 1

1 Dense ct
2 cartilage tissue
3 osseous tissue
4 adipose tissue
5 nervous tissue

Question 2

Microscopic structure of bone

Answer 2

Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitors
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 3

How to differentiate between a compact and a spongy bone

Answer 3

Compact has osteons
Spongy has trabeculae

Question 4

Short bones

Answer 4

Carpals
Tarsals

Question 5

Flat bones

Answer 5

Sternum
Ribs
Scapula
Skull bones
Hipbone

Question 6

Intramembraneous ossification ( quick ossification) imagine a beheaded child

Answer 6

Skull bones
Clavicle
Facial bones

Question 7

Endochondral ossification ( the rest of the body like in the middle line without the head)

Answer 7

Skull base
Hip
Vertebral column

Question 8

Th Skelton is consisted of 206 bones

Answer 8

Axial 80 bones
Appendicular Skelton 126 bones

Question 9

Axial Skelton ( midline)

Answer 9

Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Bony thorax( ribs and sternum )

Question 10

Skull bones

Answer 10

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Etmoid
Sphenoid

Question 11

Facial bones

Answer 11

Maxillary
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Inferior choncae
Vomer
Mandible

Question 12

The smaller cavities

Answer 12

Middle and inner ear cavity
Nasal cavity
Orbits
Air filled sinuses

Question 13

Skull sutures

Answer 13

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Occipitomastoid

Question 14

Paranasal air sinuses

Answer 14

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

Question 15

Hyoid bone

Answer 15

Movable base for tongue
Attachment sites for muscle

Question 16

Vertebral column

Answer 16

26 bones
Transmits the weight of trunk to the lower limbs
Attachment sites for muscles of neck and back
Protect the spinal cord

Question 17

Vertebral column is held in place by

Answer 17

Ligaments
Synovial joint
Intervertebral discs

Question 18

Parts of the vertebral column

Answer 18

Cervivle(7) breakfast at 7 am happy face shaped
Thoracic(12) lunch at 12 pm
Lumbar(5) dinner at 5 pm has a square body
Sacrum( 5 fused vertebrae)
Coccyx ( 3-4 fused vertebrae)

Question 19

Vertebrae constituents

Answer 19

Body
Spinous process
Processes

Question 20

Processes in the vertebrae

Answer 20

2 transverse processes
One spinous process
Four articular processes

Question 21

Intervertebral discs

Answer 21

Cushion like pads
Composed of nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosis

Question 22

Normal curvatures

Answer 22

Cervicle, and lumbar concave posteriorly
Thoracic, and sacral convex posteriorly

Question 23

Abnormal curvature

Answer 23

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

Question 24

Rib cage components

Answer 24

Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs

Question 25

Ribs

Answer 25

True ribs(1-7) False ribs(8-10) Floating ribs(11,12) not attached to sternum

Question 26

Sternum (sword shape)

Answer 26

Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Question 27

Nose

Answer 27

Cartilage Fibrous ct

Question 28

Bone remodeling( only chondoblasts, chondrocytes)

Answer 28

Involves bone resorption (removal of mineral and collagen fibers) by Osteoclasts and new bone deposition (addition od new collagen and minerals to the matrix) by Osteoblasts

Question 29

Hormonal regulation of bone growth

Answer 29

1 GH: : produced by the pituitary gland Stimulates epiphyseal plates • Thyroid & parathyroid hormones – ensures that the skeleton retains proper proportions • Sex hormones Promote bone growth Later induces closure of epiphyseal plates