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General Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

actinide

A

inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

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2
Q

alkali metal

A

element in group 1

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3
Q

alkaline earth metal

A

element in group 2

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4
Q

alpha particle

A

positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

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5
Q

anion

A

negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

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6
Q

atomic mass

A

average mass of atoms of an element

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7
Q

atomic mass unit (amu)

A

(also, unified mass unit, u, or Dalton, Da) unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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8
Q

atomic number (Z)

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

binary acid

A

compound that contains hydrogen and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

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10
Q

binary compound

A

compound containing two different elements

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11
Q

cation

A

positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)

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12
Q

chalcogen

A

element in group 16

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13
Q

chemical symbol

A

one, two, or three letter abbreviation used to represent an element or its atoms

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14
Q

covalent bond

A

attractive force between the nuclei of a molecule’s atoms and pairs of electrons between the atoms

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15
Q

covalent compound

A

(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

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16
Q

Dalton (Da)

A

alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

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17
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A

set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms

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18
Q

electron

A

negatively charged, subatomic particle of relatively low mass located outside the nucleus

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19
Q

empirical formula

A

formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms

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20
Q

fundamental unit of charge

A

(also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 * 10^-19 C

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21
Q

group

A

vertical column of the periodic table

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22
Q

halogen

A

element in group 17

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23
Q

hydrate

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A

compound containing one or more water molecules bound within its crystals

24
Q

inert gas

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A

(also, noble gas) element in group 18

25
inner transition metal
(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide
26
ion
electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
27
ionic bond
electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound
28
ionic compound
compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance
29
isomers
compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures
30
isotopes
atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
31
lanthanide
inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
32
law of constant composition
(also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
33
law of multiple proportions
when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
34
main-group element
(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13-18
35
mass number (A)
sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
36
metal
element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity
37
metalloid
element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
38
molecular formula
formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound
39
monoatomic ion
ion composed of a single atom
40
neutron
uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
41
nomenclature
system of rules for naming objects of interest
42
nonmetal
element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity
43
nucleus
massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
44
oxyacid
compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
45
oxyanion
polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms
46
period
(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table
47
periodic law
properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
48
periodic table
table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together
49
pnictogen
element in group 15
50
polyatomic ion
ion composed of more than one atom
51
proton
positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
52
spatial isomers
compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
53
structural formula
shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected
54
structural isomer
one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently
55
transition metal
element in groups 3-12
56
unified atomic mass unit (u)
alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

General Chemistry (11 decks)

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