Chapter 2

Question 1

What does Chemistry involve

Answer 1

The composition of matter, and the changes that matter undergoes.

Question 2

What is matter

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

What is space

Answer 3

Volume

Question 4

Pure chemistry

Answer 4

pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Question 5

Applied chemistry

Answer 5

research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

Question 6

Independent variable (manipulated variable)

Answer 6

the variable that is changed during the experiment. Plotted on the X axis.

Question 7

Dependent variable (responding variable)

Answer 7

The variable that is observed and/or measured during the experiment. Plotted on the y axis.

Question 8

What are 2 skills that scientists use

Answer 8

Collaboration and communication

Question 9

What is the only way to observe a change

Answer 9

The only way you can observe a change is if a chemical reaction goes on

Question 10

What are extensive properties

Answer 10

Properties that depend on the amount of matter in an object.

Question 11

What are intensive properties

Answer 11

Properties that depend on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

Question 12

Extensive properties examples

Answer 12

Volume, mass

Question 13

Intensive properties examples

Answer 13

Hardness, state, color, melting point, boiling point

Question 14

Mass definition

Question 15

Element definition

Answer 15

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties.

Question 16

Compound definition

Answer 16

A substance that contains two or more different elements combined in a definite ratio.

Question 17

3 states of matter

Answer 17

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 18

Properties of solids

Answer 18

They have a definite shape, a definite volume, are not easily compressed, and expand only slightly when heated.

Question 19

Properties of liquids

Answer 19

They have an indefinite shape, a definite volume, are not easily compressed, are able to flow, and expand only slightly when heated.

Question 20

Properties of gasses

Answer 20

They have an indefinite shape, an indefinite volume, are easily compressed, are able to flow, and expand when heated.

Question 21

Gas definition

Answer 21

a substance that exists in a gaseous state at room temperature

Question 22

Vapor definition

Answer 22

The gaseous state of a substance that is generally solid or a liquid at room temperature.

Question 23

Plasma definition

Answer 23

a state of matter found at extremely high temperatures

Question 24

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Answer 24

a state of matter found at extremely low temperatures

Question 25

Physical property

Answer 25

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition.

Question 26

Physical change

Answer 26

A change that alters the appearance or state of a sample of matter, but not its composition.

Question 27

What sort of change is freezing water?

Answer 27

A physical change.

Question 28

Examples of physical changes

Answer 28

Boiling, freezing, condensing, breaking, grinding, crushing, melting

Question 29

What is a chemical property

Answer 29

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

Question 30

When can chemical properties be observed and described

Answer 30

Only when a substance undergoes a chemical change

Question 31

Chemical change

Answer 31

will always change the composition or makeup of the matter.

Question 32

Examples of chemical change

Answer 32

Burning, rusting, rotting,

Question 33

What produces chemical change

Answer 33

Chemical reactions

Question 34

What are some clues that a chemical change has taken place

Answer 34

change of color, production of gas, formation of a precipitate, and transfer of energy

Question 35

What is a precipitate

Answer 35

Something that is produced as a byproduct from a chemical reaction

Question 36

Mixture definition

Answer 36

A physical blend of two or more components

Question 37

Homogenous mixture/solution definition

Answer 37

Has a uniform composition throughout

Question 38

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 38

Is not uniform throughout, and you can make out individual parts

Question 39

Phase definition

Answer 39

Each individual part of a mixture.

Question 40

How many phases does each type of mixture have?

Answer 40

Homogenous has one, Heterogenous has two or more

Question 41

What does the method used to separate a mixture depend on?

Answer 41

Differences in physical properties of the components of a mixture

Question 42

How many methods may be used to separate a single mixture?

Answer 42

More than one.

Question 43

Examples of how mixtures can be separated

Answer 43

Magnetism, density, filtration, freezing point, boiling point, dissolution

Question 44

Element definition

Answer 44

The simplest form of matter that can exist under ordinary lab conditions

Question 45

Can an element be broken down into a simpler form

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Can a compound be broken down into simpler substances? if so how?

Answer 46

Yes, by chemical means.

Question 47

What is the relationship between the properties of a compound and the properties of the elements that make up the compound.

Answer 47

The properties of the compound tend to be different than those of the elements that make it up.

Question 48

How can one tell the difference between a compound and a mixture.

Answer 48

If the composition of a material is fixed, it is a compound. If it could vary, it is a mixture. Water needs the exact same stuff every time to make it up, but air can have a different percentage of materials and still be air.

Question 49

Chemical symbols

Answer 49

Are used to represent elements.

Question 50

Chemical formulas

Answer 50

Are used to represent compounds.

Question 51

Subscript definition

Answer 51

Indicates how many atoms of an element are present in a compound.

Question 52

Chemical reaction

Answer 52

Involves the making of or breaking of bonds between atoms. One or more substances change into one or more new substances.

Question 53

Chemical equation

Answer 53

A shorthand way of representing the events of a chemical reaction

Question 54

Reactant

Answer 54

beginning substances of a chemical reaction, written to the left of the arrow

Question 55

Product

Answer 55

end substances of a chemical reaction, written to the right of the arrow

Question 56

Arrow

Answer 56

mean

Question 57

Distillation

Answer 57

When a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed again to a liquid.

Question 58

What do substances give off during chemical or physical changes?

Answer 58

Energy

Question 59

What happens to mass in any chemical or physical change?

Answer 59

Mass is conserved